| Abstract | Kardiovaskularne bolesti su bolesti srca i krvožilnog sustava. One su postale vodeći uzrok smrtnosti u svijetu, kako u razvijenim, tako i u nerazvijenim zemljama svijeta, te se broj oboljelih iz dana u dana povećava. Za većinu kardiovaskularnih bolesti, „krivac“ je ateroskleroza, što označava suženje lumena krvne žile. Tako nastaje koronarna bolest, što označava suženje unutrašnjeg promjera koronarnih arterija plakom. U takvim slučajevima je potrebna liječnička intervencija, u kojoj liječnik provodi invazivni zahvat perkutane koronarne intervencije, putem koje se ugrađuje stent na mjestu suženja žile, kako bi se uspostavio ponovni protok krvi kroz suženu žilu. Koronarni stent je mala cjevčica od metalne mrežice, te postoje dvije vrste stentova, a to su obični metalni stent i onaj koji otpušta lijek. Nakon ugradnje stenta, mogu se pojaviti brojne komplikacije, no najčešće su tromboza i restenoza. Zdravstvena njega pacijenata nakon ugradnje stenta je vrlo složena i zahtjevna zadaća medicinskog osoblja, posebice medicinskih sestara. Rad medicinske sestre mora biti usmjeren isključivo na pacijenta i zadovoljavanju njegovih potreba. Medicinska sestra koja radi s kardiovaskularnim bolesnicima mora posjedovati vrlo visoku razinu znanja, vještina i sposobnosti, kako bi mogla u kratkom vremenu kvalitetno reagirati. Uz sve navedeno, medicinska sestra mora pacijentu biti podrška, te mu pomoći da se na što lakši način nosi s bolešću. Od iznimne je važnosti da medicinska sestra educira pacijenta o važnosti uzimanje propisane terapije i o promjenama nezdravih životnih navika, kako bi se poboljšao ishod liječenja kardiovaskularnih bolesnika. |
| Abstract (english) | Cardiovascular diseases are diseases of the heart and cardiovascular system. They have become a leading cause of mortality in the world, in developed as well as undeveloped countries of the world, and the number of the diseased continues to grow. The “culprit” for the majority of the cardiovascular diseases is atherosclerosis, which denotes a narrowing of the blood vessel lumen. This process is the cause of coronary disease, a narrowing of internal diameter of coronary vessels due to plaque. In such cases, medical intervention is needed by means of an invasive procedure called percutaneous coronary intervention. This way, a stent is deployed in the narrowed section of the vessel in order to reestablish the blood flow through the narrowed vessel. Coronary stent is a small tube made of metal net; two types of stents exist, bare-metal stent, and drug-eluting stent. After stent is deployed, numerous complications can occur, thrombosis and restenosis being the most frequent. Nursing patients after stent deployment is very complicated and demanding duty of medical staff, especially nurses. The work of a nurse needs to be directed at the patient and meeting his needs exclusively. A nurse working with cardiovascular patients needs to have extensive knowledge, skills and ability in order to react adequately in a short period of time. Apart from the above mentioned, a nurse needs to be a support to the patient and help him to cope with his disease as easily as possible. It is exceptionally important for the nurse to educate the patient about the importance of taking the prescribed therapy and changing the unhealthy habits in order to improve the outcome of cardiovascular patients treatment. |
