Title Zdravstvena njega bolesnika oboljelog od karcinoma debelog crijeva Title (english) Health care for patients suffering from colon cancer Author Ivana Srša Mentor Marijana Neuberg (mentor)Committee member Nenad Kudelić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Marijana Neuberg (član povjerenstva)Committee member Natalija Uršulin-Trstenjak (član povjerenstva)Granter University North Defense date and country 2018-10-30, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Karcinom debelog crijeva predstavlja drugi najčešći uzrok smrtnosti od zloćudnih bolesti u
oba spola. Uzrok nastanka karcinoma nije točno poznat, ali je prema epidemiološkim
istraživanjima uočena viša pojavnost u visoko civiliziranih naroda u čijoj je prehrani visok udio
životinjske masti, a malo biljnih vlakana. Da bismo smanjili pobol i smrtnost od ove bolesti,
trebaju se razviti učinkovite mjere prevencije. Otkrivanjem karcinoma debelog crijeva u ranoj fazi,
mogu se spasiti životi. Rano otkrivanje karcinoma debelog crijeva provodi se testiranjem na krv u
stolici kod zdrave populacije pod prosječnim rizikom. U Nacionalni program su uključene osobe
u dobi od 50-74 godine. Ukoliko je test na krv u stolici pozitivan osobu se poziva na kolonoskopiju
kako bi se utvrdio razlog krvarenja. Tada je liječenje vrlo uspješno, jer se karcinom razvija sporo.
Time se smanjuje potreba za operativnim zahvatima. Osobe starije od 50 godina trebale bi otići na
testiranje svake godine, a najmanje svake treće godine. Debelo crijevo se sastoji od: slijepog
crijeva sa crvuljkom, kolona, ravnog crijeva i analnog kanala. Funkcija debelog crijeva je
apsorpcija vode i elektrolita, pohranjivanje fekalnih masa, formiranje stolice i njeno izlučivanje.
Karcinom debelog crijeva se najčešće javlja kod osoba starijih od 50 godina, ali može ugroziti
osobe ranije životne dobi. Simptomi koji mogu ukazati na pojavu karcinoma su: proljev, zatvor,
rektalno krvarenje ili krv u stolici, stalna nelagoda u trbuhu, osjećaj da se crijeva nikad u potpunosti
ne isprazne, slabost, umor i neobjašnjiv gubitak težine. Karcinom debelog crijeva razvija se
polagano i prođe mnogo vremena do pojave prvih simptoma. Rizik za pojavu karcinoma povećava
se s pozitivnom obiteljskom anamnezom. Prognoza bolesti ovisi o proširenosti karcinoma u
trenutku dijagnosticiranja i o pravovremenoj započetoj terapiji. Važnu ulogu u prevenciji ima
pravilna prehrana i zdrav način života. Dijagnoza započinje anamnezom i fizikalnim pregledom,
a liječenje je uglavnom kirurško. Važnu ulogu u edukaciji stanovništva i podizanju svijesti o
bolesti imaju zdravstveni radnici. Glavnu ulogu u njezi bolesnika ima medicinska sestra.
Sestrinska je skrb usmjerena dobroj pripremi pacijenta za zahvat uključujući postupke koji
pridonose bržem postoperativnom oporavku, pružajući psihičku podršku pacijentu kroz cijelo
vrijeme hospitalizacije. Za postizanje potrebne kvalitete života važan je pozitivan ishod
medicinskog liječenja i zadovoljavanje osnovnih ljudskih potreba.
Abstract (english) Colon cancer is the second most common cause of mortality from malignant diseases in both
sexes. The cause of cancer is not known, but according to epidemiological studies, a higher
incidence of high-population populations in which a high share of animal fat and a small number
of plant fibers are observed. In order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of this disease, effective
prevention measures should be developed. By detecting colon cancer in the early stages, life can
be saved. Early colorectal carcinoma detection is performed by testing on blood in the stool in a
healthy population under average risk. The National Program includes people aged 50-74. If a
blood test in a chair is positive, a person is referred to a colonoscopy to determine the cause of
bleeding. Then treatment is very successful because the cancer develops slowly. This reduces the
need for surgical interventions. People over the age of 50 should go on testing every year and at
least every third year. The colon can consist of: a blind bowel, colon, flat bowel and anal canal.
Colon function is water absorption and electrolyte, fecal mass storage, stool formation and its
secretion. Colon cancer is most commonly reported in people over the age of 50, but can endanger
the person's early life expectancy. Symptoms that may indicate the occurrence of cancers are:
diarrhea, constipation, rectal bleeding or stomach blood, constant abdominal discomfort, a feeling
that the bowels are never exhausted, weakness, tiredness and inexplicable weight loss. Colon
cancer develops slowly and spends too long before the first symptoms appear. The risk of cancer
increases with a positive family history. The prognosis of the disease depends on the extent of the
cancer at the time of diagnosis and on the timely initiated therapy. An important role in prevention
has a proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. Diagnosis begins with anamnesis and physical
examination, and the treatment is mostly surgical. Healthcare workers have an important role in
educating the population and raising awareness of the disease. The main role in the care of a patient
is a nurse. Nursing care focuses on good preparation for the patient, including procedures that
contribute to faster postoperative recovery, providing psychic support to the patient throughout
hospitalization. To achieve the required quality of life, it is important to have a positive outcome
of medical treatment and to meet the basic needs of the human body.
Keywords
debelo crijevo
karcinom
kolonoskopija
polip
dijagnostika
Keywords (english)
colon
cancer
colonoscopy
polyps
diagnostics
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:122:525914 Study programme Title: Nursing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2018-11-22 16:12:29
