Title Inkontinencija kod starijih osoba - prevencija, uzroci, liječenje Title (english) Incontinence in elderly - prevention, causes, treatment Author Sena Cerin Mentor Melita Sajko (mentor)Committee member Marijana Neuberg (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Melita Sajko (član povjerenstva)Committee member Ivana Živoder (član povjerenstva)Granter University North Defense date and country 2019-10-17, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Inkontinencija se prema Međunarodnom društvu za kontinenciju definira kao svako nehotimično istjecanje urina. Smatra se velikim javnozdravstvenim problemom. Uglavnom se pojavljuje kod starijih od 50 godina i češće pogađa žene nego muškarce. Istraživanja provedena u svijetu ukazuju na podatak kako od ovog problema pati otprilike sto milijuna starijih ljudi. Utječe na sve aspekte života oboljelih osoba i njihovih obitelji. Smatra se velikim zdravstvenim i socijalnim problemom koji utječu na kvalitetu života osobe a često i cijele obitelji. Urinarna inkontinencija dovodi kod starijih osoba do gubitka samopoštovanja i povlačenja u sebe. Starija dob nedovoljno je informirana o ovom problemu zbog čega ih je potrebno educirati.
Inkontinencija se dijeli prema trajanju na akutnu i kroničnu. Akutna inkontinencija ima iznenadan početak, prisutna je 6 mjeseci ili manje, a obično je uzrokovana čimbenicima koji se mogu liječiti. Kronična inkontinencija dijeli se na urgentnu, stresnu, preljevnu, funkcionalnu, miješanu i refleksnu inkontinenciju. U starijoj životnoj dobi najčešće se javljaju funkcionalna, stresna i urgentna inkontinencija. Dijagnoza urinarne inkontinencije postavlja se detaljnom medicinskom dijagnozom, fizikalnim pregledom i rutinskim laboratorijskim pretragama (biokemijski pregled urina, urinokultura). Pravodobno postavljena dijagnoza omogućava uspješno izlječenje u 80% slučajeva. Liječenje inkontinencije urina provodi se konzervativnim i kirurškim metodama. U konzervativne metode liječenja ubrajaju se fizikalna i medikamentozna terapija, te mehanička sredstva. Kad se konzervativne metode pokažu neuspješnima započinje se liječenje kirurškim tehnikama.
Medicinska sestra uz liječnike sastavni je dio multidisciplinarnog tima koji sudjeluje u liječenju oboljelih osoba. Glavna zadaća medicinska sestre u procesu zdravstvene njege je edukacija pacijenta o inkontinenciji. Pacijenta je potrebno educirati o izvođenju treninga mokraćnog mjehura, vježbama za mišičje dna zdjelice, redovitoj higijeni perianalne regije, te korištenju pomagala (pelene, ulošci). Medicinska sestra uz edukaciju pacijentu pruža i psihološku podršku. Kroz proces zdravstvene njege medicinska sestra provodi individualne intervencije koje će pomoći pojedincu u uspostavljanju kontinencije, kontroli inkontinencije i podizanju kvalitete života.
Abstract (english) Incontinence is defined according to the International Society for Continence as any accidental leakage of urine. It is considered a major public health problem. It generally occurs in older than 50 years and more often affects women than men. Studies conducted in the world indicate the fact that this problem suffers roughly one hundred million elderly people. It affects all aspects of the lives of sick people and their families. It is considered a major health and social problem that affects the quality of life of a person and often a whole family. Urinary incontinence leads to elderly people to loss of self-esteem and withdrawal. Older age is insufficiently informed about this problem, which requires them to be educated.
Incontinence is divided by duration to acute and chronic. Acute incontinence has a sudden onset, is present for 6 months or less, and is usually caused by factors that can be treated. Chronic incontinence is divided into urgent, stressful, overflow, functional, mixed and reflex incontinence. In older age, functional, stressful and urgent incontinence occur most often. Diagnosis of urinary incontinence is set in a detailed medical diagnosis, physical examination and routine laboratory tests (biochemical examination of urine, urinokultura). Timely diagnosis allows successful healing in 80% of cases. Treatment of urinary incontinence is carried out by conservative and surgical methods. The conservative methods of treatment include physical and medical therapy, and mechanical means. When conservative methods prove unsuccessful, treatment with surgical techniques is initiated.
A medical nurse is an integral part of a multidisciplinary team that participates in the treatment of sick people. The main task of the nurses in the health care process is educating the patient about incontinence. The patient needs to be educated on the performance of bladder training, exercises for the pelvic floor, regular hygiene of the Perioral region, and the use of accessories (diapers, cartridges). A nurse with education also provides psychological support to the patient. Through the health care process The nurse conducts individual interventions that will help the individual in establishing continence, controlling incontinence and raising the quality of life.
Keywords
inkontinencija urina
zdravstvena njega
medicinska sestra
prevencija
liječenje
Keywords (english)
urinary incontinence
medical care
nurse
prevention
treatment
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:122:080013 Study programme Title: Nursing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2019-10-28 10:28:22
