| Abstract | UVOD: Provedena je retrospektivno istraživačka studija pojavnosti karcinoma te pojavnosti karcinoma otkrivenih probirom u pacijenata liječenih u obje opće ordinacije u Zlatar Bistrici (DZ KZŽ) u petogodišnjem razdoblju od 01.01.2015. do 01.01.2020. godine.
METODE: Ispitanike su činili svi pacijenti koji su liječeni u općim ordinacijama Zlatar Bistrice u razdoblju od 01.01.2015. do 01.01.2020. godine s medicinskom dijagnozom karcinoma, njih ukupno102. Podatci su se prikupljali iz centralnog zdravstvenog informacijskog sustava RH. Analizirali su se podatci o broju oboljelih, demografske karakteristike oboljelih (spol, dob, radni status, mjesto življenja i stručna sprema), obuhvaćenost probirom, vrste karcinoma, stadiji proširenosti karcinoma, načini liječenja (operativno, kemoterapija, zračenje) te smrtnost od karcinoma oboljelih u 2015. godini.
REZULTATI: U petogodišnjem razdoblju od karcinoma oboljelo je 4,52% pacijenata općih ordinacija u Zlatar Bistrici. Prosječna dob ispitanika bila je 65 godina (raspon 17 – 92). Više je bilo žena (60,78%), starih 61 i više godina (79,41%), u braku (71,57%), s završenom osnovnom školom (56,86%), u mirovini (78,43%), s mjestom življenja na selu (82,35%). U 93,33% slučajeva karcinomi za koje se provodi organizirani probir, otkriveni su probirom. Najučestaliji bio je karcinom kože i karcinom dojke, a najrjeđi karcinom mozga. Najčešća sijela u žena bila su koža (22,58%), dojka (20,96%) te vrat, tijelo maternice, jajnik, jajovod i adneksa (14,52%), a u muškaraca prostata (25%), koža (22,5%), rektum i debelo crijevo (17,5%) te bubreg, mokraćni mjehur i urinarni trakt (17,5%). Veći broj svih karcinoma zabilježen je u ispitanika starije životne dobi. U ispitanika s nižim obrazovnim statusom dijagnosticirani su karcinomi viših stadija, a u ispitanika s višim obrazovnim stadijem nižeg stadija. Najviše karcinoma dijagnosticirano je u stadiju I, njih 54,9% te u stadiju 0, njih 23,53%, dok niti jedan karcinom nije dijagnosticiran u stadiju IV. U najvećeg broja ispitanika provedeno je operativno liječenje, u njih 96,08% slučajeva, dok je najrjeđa metoda liječenja bilo zračenje, primijenjeno u 29,41% studijom obuhvaćenih bolesnika. U svih ispitanika kombinirane su najmanje dvije metode liječenja. Petogodišnje preživljenje oboljelih u 2015. godini iznosilo je 69,56%. Najveća smrtnost bila je u prvoj godini liječenja te je iznosila 13,04%. Petogodišnje preživljenje karcinoma dojke iznosilo je 87,5%.
ZAKLJUČAK: Nacionalni programi ranog otkrivanja karcinoma značajno su doprinijeli otkrivanju karcinoma u nižim stadijima bolesti. Potrebno je provesti dodatne edukacije ciljane
populacije kako bi se povećala svijest o važnosti probira i poboljšao odaziv na iste. Potrebno je i nastaviti s istraživanjima kako bi se pronašao najbolji način probira karcinoma prostate. |
| Abstract (english) | INTRODUCTION: A retrospective exploratory study was conducted To present the incidence of cancers and the incidence of cancers diagnosed, in patients treated at general practitioners’ offices in Zlatar Bistrica (Health Centre of Krapina-Zagorje County), within a five-year period, from the 1st January 2015 to the 1st January 2020.
METHODS: The sample consisted of all patients treated at general practitioners’ offices in Zlatar Bistrica, from the 1st January 2015 till the 1st January 2020 (n=102 patients). Data was collected from the Central Health Information System of the Republic of Croatia. The following data was collated and analysed; number of patients, demographic characteristics of patients (gender, age, working status, place of residence and education), screening methods, types of cancers, cancer staging, treatment modalities (operative, chemotherapy, radiation) and mortality (for patients diagnosed in 2015).
RESULTS: : In the five-year study period, 4.52% of patients registered at general practitioners offices in Zlatar Bistrica developed cancer. The average age of the subjects was 65 years (range 17 - 92). The most prevalent groups included; women (60.78%), aged 61 and over (79.41%), married (71.57%), graduated from primary school (56.86%), retired (78.43%), and living in the countryside (82.35%). 93.33% of cases were diagnosed during organized screening campaigns. The most common cancers found were skin and breast, followed by brain cancer. The most common cancers in women were skin (22.58%), breast (20.96%) and neck, uterus, ovary, fallopian tube and adnexa (14.52%). For men the most common cancers included; prostate (25%), skin (22. 5%), rectum and colon (17.5%) and kidney, bladder and urinary tract (17.5%). The majority of all cancers were reported in older subjects. Higher stage cancers were diagnosed in subjects with lower educational status. Most cancers were diagnosed in stage I (54.9%) and in stage 0 (23.53%), whilst no cancers were diagnosed in stage IV. The greatest portion of patients underwent surgical treatment (96.08%), and 29.41% of patients underwent radiotherapy. At least two treatment modalities were combined in all subjects. The five-year survival of patients diagnosed in 2015 was 69.56%. The highest mortality rates occurred in the first year of treatment (13.04%). Five-year breast cancer survival rates equalled 87.5%.
CONCLUSION: National cancer screening programs have significantly contributed to the detection of cancer in lower stages of the disease. Additional education to the target population must be provided, to increase awareness of the importance of screening and to improve responses. Further research must be completed to discover the most effective way to screen for prostate cancer. |
