| Abstract | Karcinom larinksa spada među najčešće i najrazornije karcinome, a s obzirom na spol,
češće obolijevaju muškarci nego žene. U rizične skupine spadaju osobe srednja i starije životne
dobi, pušači, alkoholičari ali i osobe koje su zbog prirode posla izloženi štetnim utjecajima
okoline. Stoga je vrlo bitna i prevencija same bolesti smanjenjem konzumiranja alkohola i
cigareta te ostalih štetnih čimbenika. Svi oni su svjesni štetnosti cigareta i duhanskog dima, ali
im najteže pada mijenjanje životnih navika. Osobe koje imaju karcinom larinksa moraju proći
određenu adaptaciju na novonastalu situaciju koja podrazumijeva mijenjanje stila života i
suočavanje s tom teškom bolešću. Gubitak glasa je ono čega se operirani najviše bolje, stoga je
jako važno strpljivo pristupiti bolesniku te mu u početku omogućiti alternativne načine
komunikacije. Od velike važnosti za bolesnika je učinkovita rehabilitacija govora jer
omogućuje lakše vraćanje u normalan život. Stoga je naglasak posla medicinskog tehničara
stavljen ponajviše na suosjećanje, empatiju te emocionalnu podršku pacijentu. Bitno ja da se
od početka stvori odnos povjerenja i sigurnosti, jer će se na taj način olakšati i maksimalno
ostvariti posao medicinskog tehničara, ali i poboljšati stanje pacijenta. Bitno je upozoriti na
simptome koji se javljaju prilikom razvoja tumora na grkljanu jer su oni neophodni za
postavljanje dijagnoze. Na tumor mogu upućivati bol u grlu, promuklost, smetnje pri gutanju
te promjene u boji ili gubitak glasa. Ovisno o simptomima, te zahvaćenosti i lokalizaciji tumora
pristupa se terapijskim postupcima. Liječenje može biti kirurško, iradijacijsko (zračenje),
citostatičko (kemoterapija) i imunološko. Neke od najčešćih poteškoća bolesnika su vezane uz
promjenu načina prehrane, disanja, govora, obavljanja higijene, te nerijetko i velike promjene
u izgledu. Takvi zahvati zahtijevaju traheotomiju koja je najčešće doživotna, uvođenje
nazogastrične sonde, te ovisno o vrsti zahvata i oboljenja korištenje raznih implantata i
pomagala. Uloga medicinske sestre je ključna u zbrinjavanju i edukaciji bolesnika i njegovih
najbližih o specifičnim postupcima i pomagalima koji će činiti svakidašnji život pacijenta.
Stoga je neophodna profesionalnost i adekvatno znanje medicinske sestre za takav zadatak. |
| Abstract (english) | Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common and destructive cancers, and due to gender,
men are more likely to get it than women. Risk groups include middle-aged and elderly people,
smokers, alcoholics, but also people who are exposed to the harmful effects of the environment
due to the nature of their work. Therefore, the prevention of the disease itself by reducing the
consumption of alcohol and cigarettes and other harmful factors is very important. . They are
all aware of the harmful effects of cigarettes and tobacco smoke, but the hardest thing for them
is changing their life habits. People who have laryngeal cancer have to go through some
adaptation to a new situation that involves changing their lifestyle and coping with this serious
disease. Voice loss is what is best operated on, so it is very important to approach the patient
patiently and initially provide him with alternative ways of communication. Of great
importance for the patient is the effective rehabilitation of speech because it allows easier return
to normal life. Therefore, the emphasis of the medical technician's job is placed mostly on
compassion and empathy, and emotional support to the patient. It is important for me to create
a relationship of trust and security from the beginning, because in this way it will be easier and
maximally accomplish the job of a medical technician, but also improve the patient's condition.
It is important to warn of the symptoms that occur during the development of a tumor on the
larynx, because they are necessary for making a diagnosis. The tumor may be indicated by a
sore throat, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and color changes or loss of voice. Depending
on the symptoms, and the involvement and localization of the tumor, therapeutic procedures
are approached. Treatment can be surgical, irradiation (radiation), cytostatic (chemotherapy)
and immunological. Some of the most common difficulties of patients are related to changes in
diet, breathing, speech, hygiene, and often major changes in appearance. Such procedures
require a tracheotomy, which is usually lifelong, the introduction of a nasogastric tube, and
depending on the type of procedure and disease, the use of various implants and aids. The role
of the nurse is crucial in caring for and educating the patient and their loved ones about the
specific procedures and aids that will make up a patient’s daily life. Therefore, professionalism
and adequate knowledge of the nurse is necessary for such a task. |
