Vaccination is a primary prevention measure that prevents the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases which have a significant socio-medical and public health impact, even in modern times. Many of them occur epidemically and have an impact on the general population, so the importance of prevention is recognized globally. Every country in the world has developed some form of vaccination program, thus constant efforts are being made to promote vaccination and develop measures to achieve adequate vaccination rate. In Croatia, vaccination is prescribed by the compulsory vaccination program and has been implemented for more than 50 years. Key indicator of the success of the implementation of the vaccination program is the vaccination coverage, which monitors the relationship between the individuals who received the vaccine and those who should have received the vaccine. Given that society is increasingly advancing and developing, and the number of people suffering from infectious diseases is decreasing, it is paradoxical that there are growing indecisions and vaccine hesitancy right now. The constant decline in vaccination with the most important vaccines that has been witnessed in recent years threatens to increase the incidence of infectious diseases. The decline in trust in health care institutions accompanied with the campaigns of anti-vaccination movements drastically affects the trend of changing attitudes about vaccination and the formation of anti-vaccination attitudes in the wider community. This is also reinforced by the fact that, due to the availability of social networks and media to the general public, such campaigns have much wider reach. An important tool in the fight against anti-vaccine movement and the positive promotion of vaccination are education and health professionals who will be competent to explain to parents the importance of vaccination and reduce their concerns. The research part of this thesis aims to better understand the public attitudes about vaccination and how decisions about vaccination are reflected on the social environment and the quality of health care delivery. In recent years, vaccination topic has become ubiquitous, and research has shown that the majority still thinks that vaccination should be mandatory, with an obvious increase in those who believe it should be a matter of parental choice. There is growing resistance to compulsory vaccination measures, but a positive fact is that health care is becoming increasingly aware of the importance of education, communication and the availability of relevant information for the successful promotion of vaccination.