| Abstract | U ovom završnom radu glavna tema je tuberkuloza, zarazna bolest koja se u 90% slučajeva nastanjuje u plućima. Osim pluća zahvaća i druge organe i tkiva. Uzrokuju je bakterije iz kompleksa Mycobacterium tuberculosis koje su mikroskopski u obliku štapića. Tuberkuloza je jedan od prvih deset uzroka smrti u svijetu i vodeći uzrok smrti od jednog patogena. Prijenos zaraze se događa putem zraka, udisanjem bakterije koje već zaraženi bolesnik izbaci u zrak kihanjem, kašljanjem i govorom. Visok rizik od tuberkuloze imaju imunokompromitirane osobe, stariji ljudi, pothranjenost i kontaminirani zrak u zatvorenim prostorima, odnosno lošiji životni standardi. BCG je preventivno cjepivo koje je obavezno u RH koje se prima najčešće u prvih 30 dana nakon poroda. Od simptoma najčešći su dugotrajni kašalj i povišena tjelesna temperatura te blijeda i suha koža. Za dijagnostiku tuberkuloze danas imamo nekoliko dostupnih metoda poput kožnih testova, krvnih pretraga, kultivacija i molekularnih testova. Medicinska i patronažna sestra imaju bitnu ulogu u zdravstvenoj njezi i skrbi za oboljelog i susreću se različitim zadatcima i intervencijama kojima je cilj uklanjanje simptoma i uzroka bolesti, poboljšanje zdravlja i u konačnici ozdravljenje. Tuberkuloza je kronična zarazna bolest pa je tako i jedan od važnijih zadataka medicinske sestre sprječevanje širenja zaraze i edukacija bolesnika o terapiji koja se koristi oko 6 do 9 mjeseci. Bitno je terapiju koristiti kontinuirano i kompletno do kraja liječenja, jer prekidom iste se mogu razviti rezistentni oblici koje je kasnije teže i skuplje liječiti. |
| Abstract (english) | In this final paper, the main topic is tuberculosis, a contagious disease that occurs in 90% of cases in the lungs. In addition to the lungs, it affects other organs and tissues. It is caused by bacteria from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that are microscopic in the form of sticks. Tuberculosis is one of the top ten causes of death in the world and the leading cause of death from a single pathogen. Infection is transmitted through the air, by inhaling bacteria that an already infected patient blows into the air by sneezing, coughing and talking. Immunocompromised people, the elderly, malnutrition and contaminated indoor air, or poorer living standards, have a high risk of tuberculosis. BCG is a preventive vaccine that is mandatory in the Republic of Croatia, which is usually received in the first 30 days after birth. The most common symptoms are a prolonged cough and fever, as well as pale and dry skin. Today, we have several available methods for diagnosing tuberculosis, such as skin tests, blood tests, cultivation and molecular tests. The nurse and the community nurse play an essential role in the health care and nursing of the patient and meet with various tasks and interventions aimed at eliminating the symptoms and causes of the disease, improving health and ultimately healing. Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease, so one of the most important tasks of a nurse is to prevent the spread of the infection and to educate patients about the therapy that is used for about 6 to 9 months. It is important to use the therapy continuously and completely until the end of the treatment, because by interrupting it, resistant forms can develop that are later more difficult and expensive to treat. |
