Brachial plexus injuries are the most common injuries of peripheral nerves that lead to serious social and financial difficulties and greatly affects the quality of life. The brachial plexus is a complex chain of nerves that travels from the neck, bellow the collarbone and into the arm. The plexus brachialis consists of the roots C5 - Th1 and they are responsible for the skin and muscle innervation of the entire upper limb. Although the causes can be prenatal, perinatal and postnatal, most of the brachial plexus injuries occur during difficult birth. Injuries are of different severity and causes, and the consequences can be mild or severe. The severity of the injury depends on the number of nerves affected and the amount of damage to each of the nerve. Childbirth injury of the brachial plexus can be classified into four categories, depending on the nerves that are affected. If the upper roots (C5 and C6) are damaged, upper brachial paralysis occurs, so-called Erb – Duchenne palsy is also the most common form. At the middle, the so-called extended type, the C7 root is damaged. Significantly rarer injury of the lower roots C8 and Th1 is called the Klumpke palsy and a complete injury that occurs with damage to the roots of C5, C6, C7, C8 and Th1. As a result of damage to these roots the affected hand of the newborn hangs limply along the body, is extended at the elbow, the hand is turned inward, and finger movements are possible. Abduction and external rotation of the shoulder is not possible so the are does not participate in the Morrow reflex. Most children recover through physiotherapy intervention. The physiotherapist creates an individual therapy plan and program with all team members. Physiotherapy should be started early to prevent several complications such as contractures and deformities in the joints and the development of irregular movement patterns. Physiotherapy intervention in the initial phase includes educating parents about child positioning and baby handling so that the affected limb is protected from further possible injuries. Further rehabilitation is based on various therapeutic exercises aimed at preserving and increasing the range of motion, strengthening the musculature and facilitating normal movement. Passive and active exercise methods and various concepts such as Vojta and Bobath concept are applied. Within physical therapy, other therapy procedures are applied, such as: electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, thermotherapy, sensory and motor integration, and occupational therapy. In addition to these procedures, the education of parents is important in order to continue working with the child.