| Abstract | Vaskularne bolesti velik su javnozdravstveni problem u cijelome svijetu. Te se bolesti u velikoj mjeri mogu spriječiti, tj. odgoditi njihov početak ili nastanak komplikacija izbjegavajući rizične čimbenike koji potiču pojavu bolesti kao što su prekomjerna konzumacija alkohola, prekomjerna tjelesna masa, pušenje, fizička neaktivnost, nepravilna prehrana, kao i liječenjem i boljom kontrolom hipertenzije, masnoća i šećera. Vaskularne bolesti uzrokuju nesposobnost, invaliditet i prijevremenu smrtnost. Možemo očekivati sve veće opterećenje vaskularnih bolesti, te je krajnje vrijeme da poduzmemo sveobuhvatne mjere prevencije u svrhu sprečavanja bolesti, razvoja komplikacija i invalidnosti.
U svrhu izrade diplomskog rada provedeno je istraživanje u trajanju od dva mjeseca u Općoj bolnici Varaždin. Opisano istraživanje provedeno je na ispitanicima koji dolaze na kontrolni pregled kod vaskularnog kirurga, prvi put ili više od jedanput. Cilj je bio istražiti postoji li povezanost odgovornog zdravstvenog ponašanja s pojavnošću vaskularne bolesti te pojavljuju li se komplikacije uslijed neodgovornog ponašanja prema vlastitom zdravlju. Anketni upitnik sastojao se od 37 pitanja koja se odnose na razlog dolaska, redovitost kontrolnih pregleda, hospitalizaciju zbog vaskularne bolesti, čimbenike rizika (pušenje, alkohol, tjelesna aktivnost, šećerna bolest, arterijska hipertenzija, hiperlipidemija).
U provedenom istraživanju sudjelovalo je ukupno 100 ispitanika, 61 muških ispitanika i 39 ženskih pa možemo reći da je u muškoj populaciji veća pojavnost vaskularne bolesti. Najviše ispitanika je u dobnoj skupini od 61 do 70 godina. Prema rezultatima, uočljivo je da prekomjernu tjelesnu masu ima gotovo svaki drugi ispitanik. Većina ispitanika redovito dolazi na kontrolne preglede. Većina ispitanika bila je zbog vaskularne bolesti hospitalizirana. Najviše ispitanika ima dijabetes te se može zaključiti da je kao čimbenik rizika usko povezan s pojavnošću vaskularne bolesti. Muški ispitanici značajno su češći konzumenti alkohola. Čak 46% ispitanika su pušači. Nakon postavljanja dijagnoze vaskularne bolesti samo 8% ispitanika prestalo je pušiti, a nakon hospitalizacije većina ispitanika nije prestala pušiti. Isto tako, fizičkim aktivnostima počelo se baviti ili je povećalo dosadašnje značajno manje ispitanika nego onih koji se ili nisu počeli baviti ili nisu povećali dosadašnje aktivnosti. Ističe se podatak da je čak 41 ispitanik imao operaciju amputacije uda ili nekog njegovog dijela kao najgoru komplikaciju vaskularnih bolesti donjih udova. Gledajući rezultate, edukacija temeljena na promociji zdravog načina života individualnim pristupom i terapijom, ključ su efektivne prevencije. |
| Abstract (english) | Vascular diseases are a major public health problem throughout the world. These diseases can be prevented to a large extent, i.e. delay their initiation or occurrence of complications by avoiding risk factors that stimulate the occurrence of diseases such as excessive alcohol consumption, excessive body weight, smoking, physical inactivity, improper nutrition, as well as treatment and better control of hypertension, fat and sugar. Vascular diseases cause incompetence, disability and early mortality. We can expect an increasing burden on vascular diseases, and it is high time to take comprehensive prevention measures to prevent diseases, develop complications and disability.
For the purpose of drawing up graduate work, a two-month study was conducted at Varazdin General hospital. The study was conducted in subjects who come for a follow-up examination with a vascular surgeon, for the first time or more than once. The aim was to investigate whether there was a correlation between responsible health behaviour and the occurrence of vascular disease and whether complications occurred due to irresponsible behaviour toward their own health. The questionnaire consisted of 37 questions relating to the reason for arrival, regularity of control examinations, hospitalisation due to vascular disease, risk factors (smoking, alcohol, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidaemia).
A total of 100 subjects, 61 male subjects and 39 female subjects participated in the survey, so we can say that there is a higher incidence of vascular disease in the male population. The majority of subjects were in the age group from 61 to 70 years. According to the results, almost every other subject has an overweight. The majority of examinees regularly come to check-ups. Most subjects were hospitalised due to vascular disease. The majority of subjects have diabetes and it can be concluded that as a risk factor it is closely associated with the occurrence of vascular disease. Male subjects are significantly more frequent drinkers. As many as 46% of the respondents were smokers. After diagnosis of vascular disease, only 8% of subjects stopped smoking and most subjects did not stop smoking after hospitalisation. Similarly, physical activities have started to engage in or increased so far significantly less respondents than those who have either not started to engage in or have not increased their activities so far. It is noted that as many as 41 subjects had surgery to amputate limbs or some part of them as the worst complication of vascular diseases of the lower limbs. Looking at results, education based on the promotion of healthy lifestyle through individual approach and therapy is the key to effective prevention. |
