| Abstract | Srce je mišićni organ veličine šake smješten u prednjem dijelu prsnog koša između pluća i ošita. Srce je šuplji organ podijeljen pregradom ili septumom, na lijevu i desnu polovicu. Obje se sastoje od manje šupljine: pretklijetke i veće: klijetke. Glavni dio srca je jaki mišić- miokard, koji je s unutrašnje strane obložen finom vezivnom opnom-endokardom, a s vanjske strane, također, finom opnom-epikard. Cijelo srce se smjestilo u čvrstu opnu- perikard, koja ga štiti od svih oštećenja izvana i omogućuje srcu normalan rad. Kardiovaskularni sustav čini krvna mreža arterija i vena koja kuži u zatvorenom sustavu po cijelom organizmu. Cirkulacija krvi od desne klijetke kroz pluća do lijeve klijetke naziva se mali krvotok, a cirkuliranje krvi od lijevog srca kroz cijeli organizam do desnog srca naziva se veliki krvotok.
Rad srca regulira autonomni živčani sustav, simpatikus i parasimpatikus, a u srcu postoji njegov vlastiti provodni sustav; to je niz specijaliziranih vlakna koje imaju sposobnost stvaranja i provođenja električnih impulsa kroz srce pritom izazivajući kontrakcije pretkljetki i kljetki. Zahvaljujući ovom složenom mehanizmu rada srca i drugim čimbenicima, srce u zdravom čovjeku bez zastoja i savršeno pravilno pumpa krv kroz krvotok. No, samo jedan simptom dovoljan je da upozori na problem, a to je bol, on je najvažniji simptom kod težih srčanih bolesti, a posebno kod infarkta miokarda.
Infarkt miokarda nastaje kao posljedica djelomičnog ili potpunog prekida protoka krvi kroz koronarne arterije ili njezine ogranake. Nastaje naglo i akutno je stanje zbog tromba koji začepi lumen koronarne arterije ili njezinih grana, no postoje i drugi uzroci začepljenja koronarnih arterija i infarkta miokarda. Zbrinjavanje pacijenta s infarktom miokarda provodi se u jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja, gdje je pacijent na stalnom monitoringu vitalnih funkcija, posebno je važan monitoring EKG-a, da bi na vrijeme uočili aritmije koje su česte komplikacije infarkta miokarda. U jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja stalno je prisutan sestrinski i liječnički tim koji je spreman u svakom trenutku reagirati u slučaju pogoršanja stanja bolesnika ili u slučaju aritmije.
U ovom radu više riječi će biti o liječenju infarkta miokarda koji može biti simptomatski uz mirovanje, streptokinazom, alteplazom, koronarografija sa postavljanjem stentova te kirurško liječenje sa postavljanjem baypasa. Kod pacijenata koji su preboljeli infarkt miokarda bitna je edukacija i edukacija o promjeni njihovih životnih navika, kao i promjena načina života nakon izlaska iz bolnice. |
| Abstract (english) | The heart is a hollow muscular organ located in the front of the chest between the lungs and the shield, the size of a fist. The heart is divided by a septum or septum, into left and right halves. Both consist of a smaller cavity: the atrium and a larger one: the ventricle. The main part of the heart is a strong muscle - the myocardium, which is lined on the inside with a fine connective membrane-endocardium, and on the outside, also with a fine membrane-epicardium. The whole heart is housed in a solid membrane - the pericardium, which protects it from all external damage and allows the heart to work normally. The cardiovascular system is made up of the blood network of arteries and veins that coalesce in a closed system throughout the body. The circulation of blood from the right ventricle through the lungs to the left ventricle is called the small bloodstream, and the circulation of blood from the left heart through the whole organism to the right heart is called the large bloodstream. The work of the heart is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic and parasympathetic, and in the heart there is its own conducting system; it is a series of specialized fibers that have the ability to generate and conduct electrical impulses through the heart while causing contractions of the atria and cells. Thanks to this complex mechanism of heart function and other factors, the heart in a healthy person pumps blood through the bloodstream without stopping and perfectly properly. But just one symptom is enough to warn of the problem, and that is pain, it is the most important symptom in severe heart disease, and especially in myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction occurs as a result of complete interruption of blood flow through the coronary artery or its branch. It occurs suddenly and is an acute condition due to a thrombus that clogs the lumen of the coronary artery or its branches, but there are other causes of coronary artery blockage and myocardial infarction. Care of patients with myocardial infarction is carried out in intensive care units, where the patient is constantly monitored for vital functions, ECG monitoring is especially important, in order to detect arrhythmias that are common complications of myocardial infarction. In the intensive care units, a nursing and medical team is constantly present, ready to respond at any time in case of deterioration of the patient's condition or in case of arrhythmia. In this thesis, more will be said about the treatment of myocardial infarction, which can be symptomatic with rest, streptokinase, alteplase, coronary angiography with stent placement surgical treatment with bypass placement. In patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction, it is important to be educated and educated about changing their life habits, as well as changing their lifestyle after leaving the hospital. |
