| Abstract | Melanom spada u najzloćudnije tumore kože i sluznica koji nastaje iz pigmentnih stanica melanocita. Biološko ponašanje malignog melanoma pokazuje sklonost limfogenom i hematogenom širenju bolesti te je iz tog razloga pripao skupini najagresivnijih tumora u ljudskoj populaciji. Obično je tamnosmeđe do plavo- crne boje, a metastazira u visceralne organe kao što su mozak, pluća, jetra i kosti te u nevisceralne organe, u kožu i limfne čvorove.
Empirijski dio rada prikazuje i analizira rezultate provedenog istraživanja o znanju opće populacije o melanomu, mjerama prevencije, o percepciji skrining programa i načinu liječenja te o životnim navikama boravka na suncu. U istraživanju se kao instrument ispitivanja koristio anketni upitnik, dobrovoljno rješavan. Ispitanici su putem online Google obrasca davali odgovore skupno na jednom mjestu. Anketni upitnik sastojao se od četiri dijela sa ukupno 20 pitanja. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom rujna 2021. godine. U provedenom istraživanju sudjelovala je opća populacija RH, velikog uzorka od 584 ispitanika.
Rezultati pokazuju kako opća populacija ima ispravne stavove o melanomu. Ispitanici su svjesni da je potrebno provoditi preventivne preglede madeža od najranije dobi te da jedna opeklina na koži do petnaeste godine života nosi veći rizik za obolijevanje od melanoma u zrelim godinama (σ2 = 0, 446). Radi nove promjene gotovi svi ispitanici bi otišli liječniku (σ2 = 0, 253) te bi gotovo svi pristali na biopsiju kože i slanje uzorka u laboratorij na analizu pod mikroskopom (σ2 = 0, 277).
Zaključujemo da su nam javnozdravstvene akcije i dalje bitne, treba se više proraditi na kreativnosti u vidu radionica samopregleda kože kao i edukacijama o fotoprotekciji, kako nanositi zaštitne preparate i kako nositi zaštitnu odjeću te pokrivala za glavu. Također se moramo bazirati na edukaciju djece i roditelja o štetnosti izlaganja suncu i pravilnoj fotoprotekciji kako bi smanjili učestalost pojavnosti melanoma u kasnijoj životnoj dobi. Ne smije se zaboraviti na starije osobe koje trebaju biti oprezne pri fotoeksponiranju jer kumulativno sunce isto sudjeluje u incidenciji melanoma. |
| Abstract (english) | Melanoma is one of the most malignant tumors of the skin and mucous membranes that arises from the pigment cells of melanocytes. The biological behavior of malignant melanoma shows a tendency to lymphogenic and hematogenous spread of the disease and for this reason it belongs to the group of the most aggressive tumors in the human population. It is usually dark brown to blue- black in color, and metastasizes to visceral organs such as the brain, lungs, liver, and bones, and to nonvisceral organs, skin, and lymph nodes.
The empirical part of the paper presents and analyzes the results of the research on the knowledge of the general population about melanoma, prevention measures, the perception of the screening program and the method of treatment, as well as the life habits of staying in the sun. In the research, a survey questionnaire was used as a survey instrument, which was solved voluntarily. Respondents gave answers in bulk in one place via the online google form. The survey questionnaire consisted of four parts with a total of 20 questions. The survey was conducted during September 2021. The general population of the Republic of Croatia, a large sample of 584 respondents, participated in the research.
The results show that the general population has correct attitudes about melanoma. Respondents are aware of the need to conduct preventive examinations of moles from an early age and that one skin burn up to the age of fifteen carries a higher risk of developing melanoma in adulthood (σ2 = 0, 446). Due to the new change, almost all subjects would go to the doctor (σ2 = 0, 253) and almost all would agree to a skin biopsy and send the sample to the laboratory for analysis under a microscope (σ2 = 0, 277).
We conclude that public health actions are still important to us, we need to work more on creativity in the form of skin self-examination workshops as well as education on photoprotection, how to apply protective products and how to wear protective clothing and headgear. We must also rely on educating children and parents about the harmful effects of sun exposure and proper photoprotection to reduce the incidence of melanoma in later life. We must not forget the elderly who need to be careful when photoexposing because the cumulative sun also participates in the incidence of melanoma. |
