The skin is the largest organ that covers our body. The main task of the skin is to protect the entire organism and internal organs from negative environmental factors. The pigment melanin is needed to protect the skin from very harmful ultraviolet radiation. It is produced by melanocyte cells. Geographical altitude and latitude can affect the occurrence of melanocytic tumors, therefore areas closer to the equator have a higher incidence for the occurrence of melanocytic tumors. After the age of 50, most cancers appear on the skin, and excessive sunbathing damages the skin from an early age. Benign proliferations of melanocytes are called melanocytic nevi, which can be present at birth or appear during a certain period of life. The histological characteristics of the tumor refer to different degrees of melanocyte cell atypia and proliferation of intraepidermal melanocytes. One of the most aggressive tumors is melanoma. Melanoma is caused by atypical transformation of melanocyte cells. One of the important factors in treating patients with melanoma and determining their prognosis is determining the stage of melanoma. The importance of control examinations is the early detection of disease recurrence. In the first five years after the initial treatment, regular check-ups are very important. The nurse exists after demonstrating the technique of self-examination to a risk group or giving the person an overview of written brochures where the methods of quick self-examination that the patient can perform independently are already illustrated. In the course of education, the nurse is able to educate the family as well. With appropriate education about melanocytic tumors, the risk of exposure to sunlight, the risk of heredity, and other important risk factors, we can greatly influence the important factors in the development of melanocytic tumors, teach people to self-examine suspicious skin changes, which can ultimately affect an earlier visit to the doctor.