We define bioterrorism as the intentional use of viruses, bacteria, fungi, or toxins to cause illness or death in humans. Throughout history, biological weapons have often been used due to their lethality, but today efforts are being made to eradicate them due to the frequent use of infectious diseases that can harm not only the targeted person, but the entire population. Infection with agents contributes to the occurrence of epidemics and significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Medical professionals play an important role as direct providers of health care by implementing prevention measures, and therefore it is important that they are educated for early recognition of diseases and timely treatment and treatment of patients. Stigmatization and discrimination of people who are associated with an infectious disease become a barrier in access to health care and in the implementation and adoption of health care and in the implementation and adoption of healthy behaviors. This contributes to health problems in the control of infectious diseases during outbreaks of some of the infectious diseases. Nurses are the first responders to bioterrorism events and if they are educated in bioterrorism, they are more prepaid to provide healthcare to infected patients. In Croatia, the preparedness plan at the national level was adopted by the Government of the Republic of Croatia. Unknown and new diseases are constantly appearing and pose a threat to the inhabitants of our country and the surrounding countries. The Croatian Institute of Public Health supervises infectious diseases and continuously improves and adapts to new threats. Through education of the public and medical staff on the importance and risks and preventive measures to reduce the spread of infectious diseases. The aim of this research is to explain the concept of bioterrorism, to explain what type of viruses, bacteria, fungi or toxins can be used in bioterrorism and how they are transmitted, to explain the importance and role of health workers in prevention, recognition of symptoms and preparedness if a bioterrorist attack occurs. During this research the knowledge and opinions of 200 health workers from Republic Croatia about anthrax, ebola and plague they spread and transmission, experience with education and prevention in health care were investigated and presented through empirical research. The results show that highly educated respondents have greater knowledge and greater fear of infectious disease and they want to be educated in the future. If is necessary to adopt science-based measures that have been proven to be effective in reducing the spread of disease to protect the community.