„Shin splints“ is a term encompassing various conditions or injuries that occur below the knee and affect the lower leg due to activities involving running or jumping. These conditions are classified as overuse syndromes because the symptoms develop over a longer period of of time due to repetitive motions. The conditions discussed in this paper include tibia and fibula stress fractures, anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg, posterior tibial muscle syndrome, and medial tibial stress syndrome. Each of these conditions presents similar or identical symptoms, with pain occurring in similar locations. Stress fractures involve microtrauma to the bones, compartment syndrome refers to elevated interstitial pressure within the compartment, shin medial tibial stress syndrome denote tenderness along the shinbone's periosteum, and posterior tibial muscle syndrome involves damage to to the tibial tendon. In addition to the etiology of these conditions, there are risk factors that can contribute to their development. Risk factors can be categorized as internal (gender, anatomical deviations) and external (inadequate surface or footwear, training errors). Considering these risk factors is crucial in determining a diagnosis, with the goal of eliminating them to minimize the possibility of symptom recurrence. Diagnosis is established through the collection of objective and subjective medical histories, conducting tests, and measurements. In this case, differential diagnosis is crucial due to similar clinical presentations, which are actually distinct conditions. Additional diagnostic procedures commonly used include X-rays, bone scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging. Rehabilitation is generally conservative and uniform for most of the mentioned conditions, except for the treatment of anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg. Key aspects of treatment include rest, pain reduction, and activity modification. In the initial phase, after ceasing activity, inflammation and pain are reduced through cryotherapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The subsequent phase aims to establish a foundation for returning to previous activities, achieved through gradual introduction and dosage of strength exercises, stretching, and proprioception exercises. Additionally, physiotherapy modalities such as ultrasound, electrical stimulation, or massage may be applied alongside the aforementioned measures. The role of a physiotherapist, in addition to accurately and timely determining the diagnosis and creating an individualized rehabilitation plan, includes educating the patient and providing support throughout the process.