| Abstract | Hipoterapija je proces rehabilitacije uz pomoć konja. Riječ hipoterapija dolazi od riječi „hippos“ što znači konj i „therapy“ što znači terapija. Za postizanje cilja u hipoterapiji koristi se kretnja konja. Trodimenzionalno kretanje konja omogućava zdjelici jahača da se kreće poput imitacije hoda. Također leđa konja kreću se frekvencijom koja je jednaka ljudskom hodu. Frekvencija se prenosi putem zdjelice jahača prema trupu te neposredno na cijelo tijelo što dovodi do neutralnog položaja jahača. Hipoterapija kao i jahanje djeluje na principu akcije i reakcije što znači da reakcija jahača dovodi do akcije konja. Dobrobiti koje proizlaze iz hipoterapije neuromotoričkog, kognitivnog i psihološkog su ishoda. Hipoterapiju vodi hipoterapeutski tim, a na čelu tima je fizioterapeut s dodatnom edukacijom za hipoterapeuta. Uz njega ostali članovi tima su, jahač, vodič konja, pomočnik hipoterapeutu i konj. Tijekom provođenja hipoterapije osigurava se adekvatna oprema za konja i jahača. Jahač dobiva sigurnosu opremu koja uključuje zaštitnu kacigu i prsluk. Za konja se koristi sedlo koje odgovara i konju i jahaču. Najčešće se koristi englesko sedlo, a ono se dijeli na tri osnovna tipa, preponsko sedlo, dresurno sedlo i višenamjensko sedlo. Ako se hipoterapija provodi bez sedla koristi se samo podsedlica koja je u obliku sedla i služi za udobnost konju i zaštiti leđa. Još se koristi kolan s dodatnim ručkama. Kod sedlanja konja važno je obratiti pažnju na pravilnu postavljenu opremu kako bi jahač bio što sigurniji na konju. Hipoterapija se provodi u jahalištu koje mora biti ograđeno čvrstom ogradom.Hipoterapija se primjenjuje kod raznih tjelesnih oštećenja, a neka od njih su cerebralna paraliza, razne amputacije, mišićne distrofije, kronične boli. Kod osoba oboljelih od cerebralne paralize važno je raditi na ravnoteži i pravilnom položaju zdjelice kao i simetriji u sedlu. Za korisnike hipoterapije s određenom vrstom amputacije rade se razne prilagodbe s opremom. Važno je osigurati sigurnost jahača i udobnost kod mjesta amputacije. U osoba oboljelih od multiple skleroze bazira se na normalizaciji tonusa mišića kao i na položaj tijela. Kada se postigne određeni cilj u hipoterapiji korisnik se usmjerava na sportsko – rekreativno jahanje. Radi se procjena sposobnosti jahača i provjera samostalnog rada na konju. Ukoliko je jahač spreman i ima želju omogućava se nastup na natjecanjima dresurne discpiline to jest paradresuri. Paradresurom nazivamo treniranje konja za osobe s tjelesnim poteškoćama. Jahači se razvrstavaju u određene kategorije ovisno o stupnju oštećenja. Pravila za paradresuru su jednaka kao i u ostalim disciplinama te je jedina razlika što se omogućava korištenje dodatne pomoćne opreme. |
| Abstract (english) | Hippotherapy is a rehabilitation process that uses the help of horses. The word hippotherapy comes from the words „hippos“ which means horse and „therapy“ which means therapy. To achieve the goal in hippotherapy, the movement of the horse is used.The three-dimensional movement of the horse allows the rider's pelvis to move like an imitation of walking. Also, the horse's back moves with a frewuency equal to human walking. The frequency is transmitted through the rider's pelvis to the trunk and directly to the whole body, which leads to a neutral position of the rider. Hippotherapy, like riding works on the principle od action and reaction, which means that the rider leads to the action of the horse. The benefits deriver from hippotherapy are neuromotor, cognitive and psychological outcomes. Hippotherapy is led by hippotherapy team, and the team is headed by a physiotherapist. Along with him, the other members of the team is the rider, the horse guide, the hippotherapist's assistant and the horse. Adequate equipment for the horse and rider is provided druing hippotherapy. The rider receives safety equipment that includes a protective helmet and vest. A saddle is used for the horse that fits both the horse and the rider. The English saddle is most often used, and it is divided into three basic types, a jumpin saddle, dressage saddle and multi – purpose saddle. If hippotherapy is carried without a saddle, only a saddlepad is used, which is in the shape of saddle and serves to comfort the horse and protect the back. A belt ith additional handles is still used. When saddling a horse, it is important to pay attention to the correct set of equipment so that the rider is as safe as possible on the horse. Hippotherapy is performed in a riding arena, which must be surrounded by a solid fence. Hippotherapy is used for various physical impairments, some of which are cerebral palsy, various amputations, muscular dystrophy, and chronic pain. For people suffering from cerebral palsy, it is important to work on balance and the correct position of the pelvis, as well as symmetry in the saddle.For hippotherapy users with a certain type of amputation, various adjustments are made with the equipment. It is important to ensure rider safety and comfort at the amputation site. In people suffering from multiple sclerosis, it is based on the normalization of muscle tone and body position. When a certain goal is achieved in hippotherapy, the user is directed to sport-recreational riding. The assessment of the rider's ability and the independent work on the horse is checked.If the rider is ready and has the desire, it is possible to participate in dressage competitions, i.e. paradressage. We call training horses for people with physical disabilities paradressage. Riders are classified into certain categories depending on the degree of damage. The rules for paradressage are the same as in other disciplines, and the only difference is that the use of additional backup equipment is allowed. |
