| Abstract | UVOD: Kardiovaskularne bolesti (KVB) su vodeći uzrok oboljenja u suvremenom
svijetu i Republici Hrvatskoj. Uzroci bolesti u najvećoj mjeri obuhvaćaju prisutan
obrazac nezdravstvenog ponašanje i stil života prepun čimbenika rizika, pa veliki
naglasak treba staviti na važnost prevencije bolesti.
METODE: Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 412 bolesnika iz bolničke baze
podataka. Podaci su prikupljani kroz 10 godina, a obuhvatili su sve bolesnike koji
su liječeni u periodu od lipnja 2013.-lipnja 2023. u koronarnoj jedinici Opće bolnice
Bjelovar s dijagnozom akutnog infarkta miokarda. Podaci su obuhvatili dob, spol,
faktore rizika, vrijeme pojave boli te ishode liječenja i komplikacije.
REZULTATI: Kod svih ispitanika bili su prisutni faktori rizika, 97% bolesnika imalo
je hipertenziju, 52,7% bolesnika hiperlipidemiju, 22% bolesnika šećernu bolest.
Komplikacije nije imalo 64% bolesnika. Statistički značajno više muškaraca
(p=0,012), njih 10,7% konzumira nikotinske proizvode u odnosu na žene, 3,8%.
Statistički značajno više žena (p=0,011) boluje od šećerne bolesti, njih 27% u
odnosu na 16,6% muškaraca. Kod KOPB-a statistički značajna razlika (p=0,032)
uočena je kod muškaraca gdje njih 7,5% više boluje od navedene bolesti u odnosu
na 2,5% žena. Značajno više bolesnika starije životne dobi (p=0,001) boluje od
hipertenzije, njih 99%. U raspodjeli hiperlipidemije kao faktora rizika u korelaciji s
komplikacijama uočeno je kako statistički značajno više bolesnika (p=0,007) koji
nisu imali komplikacije bolesti, bolovalo je od hiperlipidemije, njih 54,5%.
RASPRAVA: Hipoteza istraživanja nije potvrđena jer nije dokazana statistički
značajna razlika između vremena trajanja bolova do dolaska u bolnicu i trajanja
hospitalizacije (p=0,715). Hipoteza 2 je potvrđena. Nije uočena statistički značajna
razlika kod prisutnosti hipertenzije s obzirom na spol.
ZAKLJUČAK: Muškarci češće konzumiraju duhanske proizvode, statistički
značajno više žena boluje od šećerne bolesti, a muškaraca od KOPB-a, dok su
hipertenzija i hiperlipidemija zastupljene kod oba spola podjednako. Bolesnici koji
su imali hiperlipidemiju u povijesti bolesti manje su imali komplikacije bolesti. Nije
uočena značajna razlika u dužini hospitalizacije s obzirom na vrijeme od početka
pojave bolova do dolaska u bolnicu. |
| Abstract (english) | INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of
disease in the modern world and in the Republic of Croatia. The causes of the
disease to the greatest extent include the current pattern of unhealthy behavior
and a lifestyle full of risk factors, so great emphasis should be placed on the
importance of disease prevention.
METHODS: The research was conducted on a sample of 412 patients from the
hospital database. The data were collected over 10 years, and included all
patients who were treated between June 2013 and June 2023 in the coronary unit
of the Bjelovar General Hospital with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
The data included age, gender, risk factors, time of onset of pain, and treatment
outcomes and complications.
RESULTS: Risk factors were present in all subjects, 97% of patients had
hypertension, 52.7% of patients had hyperlipidemia, and 22% of patients had
diabetes. 64% of patients had no complications. Statistically significantly more
men (p=0.012), 10.7% of them consume nicotine products compared to women,
3.8%. Statistically significantly more women (p=0.011) suffer from diabetes, 27%
of them compared to 16.6% of men. In the case of COPD, a statistically significant
difference (p=0.032) was observed in men, where 7.5% more suffer from the
mentioned disease compared to 2.5% of women. Significantly more elderly
patients (p=0.001) suffer from hypertension, 99% of them. In the distribution of
hyperlipidemia as a risk factor in correlation with complications, it was observed
that statistically significantly more patients (p=0.007) who did not have
complications of the disease suffered from hyperlipidemia, 54.5% of them.
DISCUSSION: The research hypothesis was not confirmed because no
statistically significant difference was proven between the duration of pain until
arriving at the hospital and the duration of hospitalization (p=0.715). Hypothesis 2
is confirmed. No statistically significant difference was observed in the presence of
hypertension with regard to gender.
CONCLUSION: Men consume tobacco products more often, statistically
significantly more women suffer from diabetes, and men suffer from COPD, while hypertension and hyperlipidemia are equally common in both sexes. Patients who
had hyperlipidemia in their medical history had fewer complications of the disease.
No significant difference was observed in the length of hospitalization with regard
to the time from the onset of pain to arrival at the hospital. |
