The knee, the largest joint in the human body, plays a role in enabling the body's mobility and stability. Ligament injuries, especially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), represent a significant clinical challenge due to the need for surgery and a long-term rehabilitation process. This paper explores modern diagnostic methods, such as MRI and arthroscopy, which enable detailed visualization of the affected knee structures. In surgical treatment, the focus is on ligament reconstruction techniques using autografts and allografts, where preference is given to biological methods such as PRP (platelet-rich plasma) therapy that promote regeneration and faster tissue healing. In addition, applications of minimally invasive surgical approaches reduce postoperative recovery and improve functional outcomes. Postoperative care and rehabilitation are important for a successful recovery. Different phases of rehabilitation are considered, from early postoperative care, which includes pain management and reduction of swelling, to later phases, which focus on restoring strength, flexibility, and full range of motion. Special emphasis is placed on re-injury prevention strategies that include muscle strengthening, improving movement biomechanics and educating patients on proper movement techniques and performing rehabilitation exercises. Multidisciplinary collaboration between orthopedists, physiotherapists and nurses/technicians is essential in providing comprehensive care that significantly reduces the risk of complications and improves the quality of life of patients.