| Abstract | U ovom završnom radu opisana je povijest tuberkuloze, anatomija i fiziologija pluća, epidemiologija u Hrvatskoj i svijetu, razvoj same bolesti uz popratne simptome, kao i dijagnosticiranje i liječenje iste, te je opisan plan zdravstvene njege oboljelih. Tuberkuloza je zarazna bolest koja prvenstveno (u 90% slučajeva) zahvaća pluća(primarna TBC), ali može zahvatiti i druge organe. TBC je jedna od najstarijih bolesti ljudskog roda. Smatra se da se uzročnik, Mycobacterium tuberculosis star 15.000 – 20.000 godina, prenosi aerobnim putem, a u najvećem broju oboljelih izvor zaraze je bolestan čovjek, bilo da je riječ o primarnoj pulmonalnoj infekciji ili reinfekciji. U izvještaju SZO zabilježeno je da je 2015. Godine 10.4 miliona slučajeva tuberkuloze u svijetu, što je 1.5% manje u odnosu na 2014. godinu, a do 2020. godine taj trend pada planira se ubrzati za 4 – 5%. Podaci HZJZ ukazuju na stabilizaciju trenda sniženja broja oboljelih od tuberkuloze. Rano otkrivanje i liječenje tuberkuloze pluća ima golemu važnost i upravo zbog toga svaki zdravstveni radnik mora poznavati simptome plućne tuberkuloze te mjere prevencije iste. Sa MT se može zaraziti svatko, no neće svatko razviti simptome bolesti, što uvelike ovisi o imunološkom odgovoru organizma. Dijagnoza tuberkuloze se postavlja na temelju različitih postupaka koji u konačnici potvrđuju ili odbacuju sumnju na tuberkulozu pluća, a konačna dijagnoza se postavlja kada se MT dokaže u sputumu, krvi, urinu ili tkivima bolesnika. Liječenje tuberkuloze se provodi primjenom antituberkulostatika u standardiziranim režimima koje preporučuje i podržava SZO. Liječenje je skupo, a lijekovi koji se koriste mogu biti štetni za bolesnika stoga treba liječiti samo one bolesnike za koje je gotovo sigurno da imaju tuberkulozu. |
| Abstract (english) | This paper describes the history of tuberculosis, anatomy and lung physiology, epidemiology in Croatia and the rest of the world, development of the disease itself with accompanying symptoms, as well as diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and a description of the health care plan of the patients. Tuberculosis is a contagious disease that primarily (in 90% of cases) affects the lungs (primary TB) but may also affect other organs. TB is one of the oldest diseases of the human race. It is believed that the pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 15,000 to 20,000 years, is transmitted by an aerobic route, and in the majority of the diseased sources of infection is a sick person, whether it is a primary pulmonary infection or reinfection. The WHO report noted that 2015. In the world, 10.4 million cases of tuberculosis in the world, which is 1.5% less than in 2014, by 2020, this trend is expected to accelerate by 4-5%. HZJZ data point to stabilizing the trend of reducing the number of tuberculosis patients. Early detection and treatment of lung tuberculosis is of enormous importance, and that is why every health worker needs to know the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis and its prevention measures. With MT, anyone can be infected, but no one will develop symptoms of illness, which largely depends on the immune response of the organism. Tuberculosis diagnosis is based on various procedures that ultimately confirm or reject suspicion of lung tuberculosis, and the final diagnosis is set when MT is diagnosed in sputum, blood, urine, or tissue of a patient. Tuberculosis treatment is performed by using antituberculostatics in standardized regimens recommended and supported by WHO. Treatment is expensive and the medicines used can be harmful to the patient, so only those patients who are almost certain to have tuberculosis should be treated with it. |
