Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and chronic disease caused by autodemyelinisation of the central nervous system. It is characterised by unpredictable phases of relapses and remissions in addition to being a cause of non-traumatic disabilities during a person's reproductive age. Furthermore, it is most common among relatively young people and women with the patients ranging from 20 to 40 years of age. Symptoms vary a lot due to the nature of the disease, i.e. it can occur at various places in the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis occurs in several forms, these being: relapsing-remitting form, primary progressive form and secondary progressive form of multiple sclerosis. Understanding of the disease, patogenesis, diagnosis and the need for treatment lead to consistent advancements in new treatments. Diagnosing the disease can at times present a challenge. With that, it's necessary to perform an elaborate anamnesis, clinical examination, MRI of the brain and spinal cord as well as to perform a lumbar puncture. There are many medicine-based ways to treat a patient and it's more often than not a combination of various medicines that is used instead of a single one. It is also necessary to expand our knowledge on medicine-based treatment of multiple sclerosis to find the fitting combination for a given patient and to be able to recognize side effects when they occur. The role of a nurse in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis is described as well individual nursing diagnoses that occur most often among the patients.