Smoking is one of the leading public health problems according to the World Health Organization. Nicotine, the main ingredient in tobacco, in small doses acts as a stimulant to the brain, in small quantities it is not dangerous, while its consumption in larger quantities is poisonous. Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic and malignant diseases. In the middle of the 20th century, research began on how smoking affects health. A causal relationship between smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, myocardial infarction, malignant lung and bronchial diseases, and laryngeal cancer has been demonstrated. This paper shows how smoking affects the development of the number of patients with laryngeal cancer and the movement of patients with laryngeal cancer according to available data. It can be seen that laryngeal cancer patients in 90% of cases are males who were smokers or are still smokers. This paper describes the anatomy and physiology of the larynx, the incidence of laryngeal tumors, especially cancer, with the emphasis that it occurs more frequently in persons consuming tobacco products. The diagnosis of laryngeal cancer, preoperative health care and postoperative health care and speech rehabilitation are described. The paper mentions the most common nursing diagnoses, the toilet of the tracheal cannula and the importance of educating the patient and his family in a different, new way of life and communication. Reports of movements of persons with laryngeal cancer in the European Union, according to data from the World Health Organization, and in the Republic of Croatia according to available official data from the Croatian Institute of Public Health from the Cancer Registry are presented graphically with regard to age, sex and stage of the disease.