| Abstract | U Republici Hrvatskoj maligna oboljenja su na drugom mjestu po uzroku
smrtnosti, odmah nakon kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Ona predstavljaju značajan
javnozdravstveni problem. Od malignih oboljenja kod žena, rak dojke je na prvom
mjestu, s incidencijom većom od 2700 novih slučajeva godišnje. Nacionalni
preventivni programi ranog otkrivanja malignih bolesti značajno povećavaju
vjerojatnost izlječenja. U Republici Hrvatskoj se kod odrasle populacije provode
preventivni pregledi za rano otkrivanje raka dojke. U programu probira za rak dojke u
dobi od 50 do 70 godina koristi se mamografija. U mlađim dobnim skupinama na
prvom mjestu za ranu dijagnostiku nalazi se ultrazvuk dojki. Radi bolje preciznosti,
kod sve većeg broja žena koje se liječe od raka dojke, uz mamografiju i ultrazvuk,
rabi se i magnetska rezonanca (MR). Vanjski (ekološki) utjecaji, načini življenja te
neke navike vjerojatno su izvorno utjecali na ukupnu pojavnost raka dojke. Uspjesi u
liječenju ove kompleksne bolesti korespondiraju s razvojem kirurgije. Primarni cilj je
izliječiti bolesnika, ali povremeno su i liječnik i bolesnik suočeni s nepovoljnim
ishodom. U zbrinjavanju bolesnika s malignom bolešću dolaze do izražaja brojni
izazovi (intelektualni, psihološki, socijalni, etički i emotivni). Danas se na rak više ne
gleda kao na smrtnu presudu, već kao na kroničnu bolest. Ostalo je još dosta
prostora za poboljšanje, a uzimajući u obzir i rastuću važnost raka kao
javnozdravstvenog problema širom svijeta, nesumnjivo je da je unaprjeđenje
onkologije kao znanosti i struke budućnost. Multidiscipliniranost u liječenju dovodi do
sve boljih rezultata.
Magnetska rezonanca je dijagnostička metoda koja prikazuje slike
transverzalnog presjeka ljudskog tijela slične slikama kompjuterizirane tomografije
(CT). Magnetska rezonaca može prikazati presjeke ljudskog tijela u svim ravninama.
Kroz rad ćemo prikazati važnost uloge magnetske rezonance kao
komplementarne slikovne pretrage zbog važnosti ranog otkrivanja raka dojke u svrhu
što bolje prognoze. Uvidjet ćemo omjer koristi i isplativosti šire primjene magnetske
rezonance, te istražiti koliko je magnetska rezonanca preciznija metoda od
mamografije i ultrazvuka u otkrivanju manjih tumora. |
| Abstract (english) | In Croatia, malignant diseases are the second leading cause of death,
secondary only to cardiovascular diseases. They represent a significant public health
problem. Among the malignancies in women, breast cancer ranks first, with an
incidence of more than 2,700 new cases per year. National prevention programs for
early detection of malignant diseases significantly increase the likelihood of cure. In
Croatia, preventive examinations for early detection of breast cancer are performed
in the adult population. Mammography is used in a breast cancer screening program
for women that are 50 to 70 years old. In younger age groups, breast ultrasound is
the method of choice for early diagnosis. In an increasing number of women that are
being treated for breast cancer, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also performed
alongside mammography and ultrasound, due to higher accuracy. External
(environmental) factors, lifestyles, and some habits had probably originally influenced
the overall incidence of breast cancer. Successes in the treatment of this complex
disease correlates closely to the advancements in surgery. The primary goal is to
cure the patient, but sometimes both the physician and the patient are cnfronted with
negative outcome. Different challenges (intellectual, psychological, social, ethical and
emotional) come to the fore in the care of patients with malignant disease. Today, the
majority of cancers are no longer seen as a death sentence, but as any other chronic
disease. There is still a lot of room for improvement, and given the growing
importance of cancer as a public health problem around the world, there is no doubt
that improving oncology as a science and profession is the future. A multidisciplinary
approach in treatment leads to better results.
Magnetic resonance imaging is a diagnostic method that displays transverse
cross-sectional images of the human body similar to computed tomography (CT)
images. Magnetic resonance imaging can display cross sections of the human body
in all planes.
Throughout this paper, we will show the importance of magnetic resonance
imaging as a complementary imaging examination due to the importance of early
detection of breast cancer for the purpose of a better prognosis. We will display the
benefit-cost ratio of the wider application of magnetic resonance imaging, and
investigate how much more accurate it is than mammography and ultrasound in
detecting smaller tumors. |
