| Abstract | Karcinom debelog crijeva jedan je od najčešćih karcinoma u ljudi. Incidencija je različita u
različitim dijelovima svijeta. Viša je u razvijenim zemljama, a niža u zemljama u razvoju.
Najčešće obolijevaju osobe starije životne dobi. U Hrvatskoj se na godišnjoj razini
dijagnosticira u gotovo 3000 bolesnika. Karcinom se pojavljuje duž cijelog crijeva, a najčešće
u proksimalnom dijelu. Točan uzrok karcinoma debelog crijeva nije poznat. Čimbenici rizika
su dob iznad 40 godina, genetska predispozicija, upalne bolesti crijeva, te okolišni, i to
prehrambene navike, pretilost, tjelesna neaktivnost, duhan i alkohol. 30-70 % svih slučajeva
karcinoma debelog crijeva može se pripisati prehrani bogatoj crvenim, prerađenim mesom
koja je obično siromašna voćem i povrćem. Stoga se preporuča ograničiti unos crvenog mesa,
i rijetko konzumiranje suhomesnatih proizvoda. Epidemiološke studije čak 85 % karcinoma
pripisuju okolišnim čimbenicima. Prema SZO barem jedna trećina svih karcinoma može se
spriječiti promjenom ponašanja stoga je bitno poraditi na svom zdravlju. Uklanjanjem
promjenjivih rizičnih čimbenika poput nepravilne prehrane i povećanjem tjelesne aktivnosti,
može se utjecati na smanjenje rizika obolijevanja. Najčešći simptomi kod karcinoma debelog
crijeva su bol u trbuhu, promijene u pražnjenju debelog crijeva (izmjena razdoblja opstipacije
i dijareje) te krv i sluz u stolici. Dijagnoza karcinoma započinje uzimanjem anamneze i
fizikalnim pregledom. Liječenje je uglavnom kirurško, a ovisi o lokalizaciji i stanju bolesnika.
Nakon operacije bolesnik mora što prije, ovisno o svojim fizičkim i psihičkim sposobnostima
prihvatiti i usvojiti postupke koje će raditi cijeli život. Za vrijeme boravka u bolnici bolesnika
je potrebno postupno upoznavati sa novonastalom situacijom. Kvaliteta života bolesnika ovisi
o tome koliko su on i njegova obitelj usvojili postupke u njezi stome i prihvatili način života s
stomom. Najvažnija što osobu s kolostomom treba naučiti je da i dalje treba živjeti život kao i
ranije te biti aktivan i ravnopravan član obitelji. |
| Abstract (english) | Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in humans. The incidence varies in
different parts of the world. It is higher in developed countries and lower in developing
countries. The elderly are most often affected. In Croatia, almost 3,000 patients are diagnosed
annually. Cancer occurs along the entire intestine, most commonly in the proximal portion.
The exact cause of colon cancer is not known. Risk factors include age over 40, genetic
predisposition, inflammatory bowel disease, and the environment, namely eating habits,
obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol. 30-70% of all colon cancer cases can be
attributed to a diet rich in red, processed meat that is usually poor in fruits and vegetables.
Therefore, it is recommended to limit the intake of red meat, and rarely consume dried meat
products. Epidemiological studies attribute as much as 85% of cancers to environmental
factors. According to the WHO, at least one third of all cancers can be prevented by changing
behavior, so it is important to work on your health. By removing variable risk factors such as
improper diet and increasing physical activity, it can have the effect of reducing the risk of
disease. The most common symptoms of colon cancer are abdominal pain, changes in bowel
movements (changes in the period of constipation and diarrhea), and blood and mucus in the
stool. The diagnosis of cancer begins with a medical history and physical examination.
Treatment is mostly surgical and depends on the location and condition of the patient. After
the operation, the patient must, as soon as possible, depending on his physical and mental
abilities accept and adopt procedures that will work for a lifetime. During the hospital stay,
the patient should be gradually acquainted with the new situation. The quality of life of a
patient depends on how much he and his family have adopted procedures in stoma care and
accepted the stoma lifestyle. The most important thing a person with a colostomy needs to
learn is that they still need to live life as before and be an active and equal family member. |
