| Abstract | Parkinsonova bolest je progresivni poremećaj živčanog sustava koja stvara probleme u kretanju. Kao posljedica ove neurodegenerativne bolesti javlja se smrt dopaminergičnih neurona. Glavni pokazatelji da se radi o navedenoj bolesti su: tremor ruku ili nogu, posebno u mirovanju, rigiditet, bradikinezija i gubitak posturalnih refleksa. Od nemotoričkih simptoma javljaju se poremećaji raspoloženja poput depresije, anksioznosti i razdražljivosti. Kognitivne promjene poput problema s usredotočenom pažnjom i planiranjem, usporavanje misli, poteškoće u jeziku i pamćenju, promjene osobnosti. Velike probleme stvara i demencija koja je česta u osoba s Parkinsonovom bolesti. Prosječno javljanje bolesti je u 60. godini života. Čimbenici koji povećavaju rizik od nastanka bolesti su: muški spol, česte ozljede glave, izloženost pesticidima, upotreba vode iz izvora, život u ruralnim područjima i pozitivna obiteljska anamneza. U kliničkoj slici bolesti karakteristični su motorički simptomi. Dijagnoza se temelji na podacima prikupljenim tijekom zdravstvene povijesti pacijenta i tjelesne procjene; konkretno, najmanje dva kardinalna motorička znaka poput tremora u mirovanju i bradikinezija. Nakon dijagnoze, tretmani mogu pomoći u ublažavanju simptoma, ali bolest nije izlječiva. Liječenje podrazumijeva primjenu medikamentozne terapije te neurokirurški tretman. Važnu ulogu predstavlja bihevioralna terapija, fizikalni tretmani te tjelovježba i tehnike relaksacije.
Cilj provedenog istraživanja bio je dobiti uvid u razinu informiranosti populacije o Parkinsonovoj bolesti. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 338 ispitanika. Upitnik koji je sastavljen za potrebe ovog istraživanja sadrži 22 pitanja. Svrha rada je usporediti razinu informiranosti osoba koje su bile u neposrednom kontaktu s osobom oboljelom od Parkinsonove bolesti u odnosu na ispitanike koji nisu.
Rezultati pokazuju da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između ispitanika u razini informiranosti o Parkinsonovoj bolesti s obzirom na opća obilježja (spol, dob, razinu obrazovanja). Osobe koje su imale kontakt s oboljelima od Parkinsonove bolesti statistički se značajno ne razlikuju u nivou informiranosti o toj bolesti od osoba koje ne poznaju nijednu takvu oboljelu osobu. Nužno je poraditi na informiranosti populacije o PB bolesti jer će na taj način doći do ranijeg otkrivanja bolesti, bržeg započinjanja liječenja i omogućiti oboljelima duži niz godina samostalnog, zadovoljavajućeg funkcioniranja. |
| Abstract (english) | Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement. As a consequence of this neurodegenerative disease, the death of dopaminergic neurons occurs. The main indicators that it is Parkinson's disease are: tremor / shaking of the hands, arms or legs, especially when hitting, rigidity-abnormal stiffness of limbs or body parts, instability of posture - disturbed balance or difficulty standing or walking, bradykinesia - gradual loss and slowing of spontaneous movements. Non-motor symptoms include schedule disorders such as depression, anxiety, and irritability. Cognitive changes such as problems with focused attention and planning, slowing of thoughts, difficulties in language and memory, personality changes. Dementia, which is a person with Parkinson's disease, also creates big problems. The average onset of the disease is around the 60s. Factors that increase the risk of developing the disease are: male gender, frequent head injuries, exposure to pesticides, use of spring water, life in rural areas, and a positive family history. In the clinical picture of the disease, the most characteristic are the motor symptoms. Diagnosis based on data collected during patients ’medical history and physical assessments; specifically, at least two cardinal motor signs such as resting tremor and bradykinesia. Once diagnosed, treatments can help alleviate symptoms, but the disease is not curable. In the treatment of the disease, drug therapy, neurosurgical treatment is used. Behavioral therapy, physical exercise treatments and relaxation techniques play an important role.
The aim of the study was to gain insight into the knowledge of the general population about Parkinson's disease. The research was conducted online. 338 people participated. The questionnaire was compiled for the purposes of this research and contains 22 questions. The purpose of this paper is to compare the knowledge of people who have met a person with Parkinson's disease with the knowledge of those who have not met or been in contact with people with Parkinson's disease.
The results show that there is no statistically significant difference between the respondents in the level of information about Parkinson's disease with regard to general characteristics (gender, age, level of education). People who have had contact with people with Parkinson's disease do not differ statistically significantly in the level of knowledge about the disease from people who do not know any such person. It is necessary to work on informing the population about PB disease, because in this way the disease will be detected earlier, treatment will be started faster and patients will be able to function independently and satisfactorily for many years. |
