Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compressive neuropathy. It affects the n.medianus in the canal area. It makes up 90% of all compression neuropathies in the body. There is idiopathic and secondary carpal tunnel syndrome. Idiopathic occurs in 50% of cases. The first symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome is usually a sensory disturbance. The disease is accompanied by symptoms such as: pain in the hand and forearm, less often the upper arm, unpleasant burning, numbness or pain in the distal innervation area of the central nerve (n.medianus), in the thumb, forefinger, middle finger and radial sides of the ring. Patients also complain of weakened finger grip, decreased grip strength, falling things out of the hand, waking up at night due to paresthesias. Carpal tunnel syndrome exists in both acute and chronic forms. In acute condition the pain is extremely severe and the wrist or whole hand becomes colder and swollen and finger movements are limited. The form contains two syndromes: the sensory and the atrophic. The foundations of the diagnosis are the anamnesis, clinical picture and diagnostic tests. Diagnostic methods and procedures include: physical examination, X-ray diagnostics, EMNG, CT, MR and ultrasound diagnostics. Particular importance are the clinical tests: Tinel´s, Phalen´s, Wormser´s and Tourniquet-test. Carpal tunnel syndrome is treated conservatively and surgically. Conservative treatment is preferred. Surgical treatment is recommended if conservative treatment has not led to the desired results. It is important to start treatment on time.