| Abstract | Senzorna integracija je problem kojim se bave mnogi znanstvenici, stručnjaci i cijelo
društvo. Poremećaj u senzornoj integraciji ima za posljedicu neuobičajeno ponašanje djece,
zatim teškoće u motoričkoj funkciji, vestibularnom i proprioceptivnom sustavu. Djeca s
cerebralnom paralizom često imaju problem sa senzornom integracijom. Cerebralna paraliza
sama po sebi jest poremećaj motorike do kojeg dolazi uslijed oštećenja mozga te njezin uzrok
nije definiran. Bolest je neprogresivna, odnosno ne napreduje. Klasificira se prema neurološkim
simptomima. Uz oštećenje motorike, često se javljaju teškoće u mentalnom funkcioniranju.
Senzornom integracijom upravlja središnji živčani sustav, isto kao što je i cerebralna paraliza
bolest središnjeg živčanog sustava. Poremećaj senzorne integracije može se definirati kao
neuravnotežena funkcija mozga koja mu onemogućava obradu informacija i shvaćanje okoline.
Teškoće se javljaju u proprioceptivnom i vestibularnom sustavu, mogu se javiti i poremećaji
mirisa, okusa, dodira, vida, sluha, njuha, tonusa mišića i koordinacije, ponašanja te psihološki
problemi. Kod djece s navedenim poremećajima, potrebna je terapija. Terapija senzorne
integracije odvija se u tzv. senzornoj sobi te ju odrađuje terapeut. Ona utječe na djetetov mišićni
tonus, motivaciju, pažnju, posturalnu kontrolu te motoričko planiranje. Osim same terapije
senzorne integracije, mogu se koristiti i drugi koncepti pri terapiji kod djece s cerebralnom
paralizom praćenom teškoćama senzorike. Bobath, Vojta i Halliwick koncept jesu najčešće
metode. Isto tako, od samog rođenja djeteta vrlo je važan baby handling kako bi dijete putem
njega bilo potaknuto na pravilan motorički razvoj. Osim terapeuta, terapiju odrađuju i roditelji
kroz cjelodnevne aktivnosti i prilagođavanje djetetove okoline. Oni su isto tako, prvi koji
primjećuju da se dijete ne razvija kako bi trebalo jer najviše vremena provode s njime. Djecu s
teškoćama u razvoju, potrebno je uključiti u društvenu zajednicu te im omogućiti normalan
emocionalni i društveni razvoj. Postoji nekoliko mogućnosti, a to su segregacija, integracija te
inkluzija. Inkluzija je najpovoljnija vrsta socijalizacije zato što ona uključuje dijete fizički, a
ono što je još važnije, temelji se na prihvaćanju i pripadnosti djeteta. Isto tako, važna je cijela
društvena zajednica koja može pridonijeti kvaliteti života djece s teškoćama. |
| Abstract (english) | Sensory integration is a problem addressed by many scientists, experts and society as a
whole. Disorder in sensory integration results in unusual behavior of children, then difficulties
in motor function, vestibular and proprioceptive system. Children with cerebral palsy often have
a problem with sensory integration. Cerebral palsy itself is a motor disorder that occurs due to
brain damage and its cause is not defined. The disease is non-progressive, respectively, it does
not progress. It is classified according to neurological symptoms. In addition to impaired motor
skills, mental retardation often occurs. Sensory integration is controlled by the central nervous
system just as cerebral palsy is a disease of the central nervous system. Sensory integration
disorder can be defined as an unbalanced function of the brain that prevents it from processing
information and understanding the environment. Difficulties occur in the proprioceptive and
vestibular system, and disorders of smell, taste, touch, sight, hearing, muscle tone and
coordination, behavior, and psychological problems can also occur. In children with these
disorders, therapy is required. Sensory integration therapy takes place in the so-called sensory
room and is performed by a therapist. It affects the child's muscle tone, motivation, attention,
postural control and motor planning. In addition to the sensory integration therapy itself, other
concepts can be used in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy accompanied by sensory
difficulties. The Bobath, Vojta and Halliwick concept are the most common methods. Also,
from the birth of a child, Baby handling is very important in order to encourage the child to
develop proper motor skills. In addition to the therapist, the therapy is also performed by the
parents through all-day activities and adaptation of the child's environment. They are also the
first to notice that the child is not developing as it should because they spend most of their time
with him. Children with disabilities need to be included in the social community and enable
normal emotional and social development. There are several possibilities, namely segregation,
integration and inclusion. Inclusion is the most favorable type of socialization because it
involves the child physically, and more importantly, it is based on the acceptance and belonging
of the child. Also, the whole community is important and can contribute to the quality of life of
children with disabilities. |
