In the adolescent phase, which is characterized by rapid growth and development, children are susceptible to the development of spinal deformities. The deformities of kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis described in this paper are mostly idiopathic meaning that their cause is unknown. Ado-lescent scoliosis affects 2-3% of the general population. The most common pathological adoles-cent kyphosis or Scheuermann's disease affects 1-8% of the general population, while pathological lordosis is somewhat rarer. It is assumed that the most important risk factor for the development of deformity is a hereditary genetic factor, and possible reasons are still irregular posture, psycho-logical and pathological conditions, birth defects, slow or uneven growth, reduced muscle strength, lack of minerals in the diet and more. From a side profile, the normal spine has four regular bends, cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and sacral kyphosis. The intervertebral discs and ligaments of the spine provide passive stability while the muscles provide active stability. During the development of deformities, this stability is disturbed and, as a result, heart and lung problems, neurological outbursts, and circulatory disorders can occur. Timely diagnosis and the beginning of therapy reduce the chance of increasing the deformity. Although there are non-inva-sive diagnostic methods, such as surface topography, in practice the gold standard for diagnosing spinal deformities are still X-rays. The reason for this may be insufficient financial resources or the habit and reliability of radiological examination. X-rays also check the degree of iliac bone ossification and the openness or closure of the radial epiphyseal cartilage. With the cessation of bone growth, the adaptability of the body to change disappears and it is much harder to get valid therapy results. Therefore, it is important to inform the child and parents about treatment plans, opportunities for progress and emphasize persistence and consistency as a key part of therapy. Surgical intervention is applied in case of severe deformities, and the most applied is conservative therapy using exercise and orthoses. Physiotherapy assessment consists of anthropometric meas-urements (height, weight, limb length, etc.), assessment of muscle strength and endurance, bal-ance, coordination, and proprioception. Movement range and pulmonary capacity and respiratory rate are assessed. The physiotherapist takes into account the rhythm of walking and the body pos-ture during walking. The process of physiotherapy includes stretching of shortened muscle groups, motor control exercises, breathing exercises and muscle strengthening, and manual massage to relax tense muscles.