Premature birth is the birth of a live child that occurs before the completion of 37 weeks of pregnancy (1). Approximately 15 million babies are born prematurely worldwide every year. Premature birth certainly affects the decision to have a second pregnancy. The goal of this research is to investigate the incidence of premature birth, and the complications that can develop in children, because they are most often a risk factor why women do not decide to have another pregnancy after that. Based on age and education, the specific goals sought to determine how many women decide to have a second pregnancy. The research was conducted voluntarily and anonymously through an online survey in the period from July 1 to August 1, 2022. For the purposes of the research, a questionnaire was constructed that consisted of questions about the sociodemographic data of the participants and questions that asked in which week the premature birth took place, what risk factors influenced it, whether the child born had any complications and after how many years the respondents again decided on a second pregnancy. 701 respondents participated in the research and all respondents were female. According to the age group, most of the respondents were between 35 and 45 years old. According to the level of education, most of the respondents had a high school education. The largest number of respondents had only one birth. Most of the test subjects had an early premature birth between the 32nd and 36th week of pregnancy. When they decided to have a second pregnancy, most of the respondents did not have a premature birth. We can say that most women did not decide to have another child because of the first premature birth and the complications that occurred with the child. There is a need to conduct more research on this topic in order to more clearly establish the impact of premature births on future pregnancies. We hope that this work will more clearly show the facts why women have a hard time deciding to have a second child after the first premature birth. We also believe that the conducted research can be a good foundation for all future research on this topic.