HBV infection is still considered a global public health problem despite the fact that there are many effective preventive measures implemented against transmission and development of the infection, most important of which is vaccination. According to the data provided by the World Health Organization, 296 million people in the world suffer from chronic hepatitis B and over 1 million new cases are reported every year. Healthcare workers, especially nurses, are exposed to a higher risk of infection compared to the general population. As a result of contact with potentially infectious body fluids as part of their daily routine, healthcare workers are 4 times more likely to get infected and develop disease. In order to reduce the possibility of infection, healthcare workers should be educated on topics regarding paths of transmission, clinical manifestations and symptoms of the disease and post-exposure prophylaxis procedures. The goal of the research paper " The assessment of nursing students' knowledge on hepatitis B " was to determine the level of knowledge among nursing students in Croatia about this viral infection, which represents a great threat to nurses. Also, the research tried to determine the differences in the level of knowledge among nursing students with regards to the year of study, completed high school education, working as a nurse and completed Internal medicine and Infectology courses. Out of 186 participants, most of them knew that HBV is transmitted through blood and through non-sterile surgical instruments and needles. Participants showed a lack of knowledge about other ways of transmission of infection, which is worrisome considering the fact that nurses come into contact with all body fluids that can be a source of infection during their work. Furthermore, participants showed an unsatisfactory level of knowledge about the progression of the disease, but they were better informed about post-exposure prophylaxis procedures. The research results indicated the need for better education of nursing students on this topic. A higher level of knowledge can directly affect a lower number of exposure incidents in practice and thus reduce the spread of infection.