| Abstract | Karcinom debelog crijeva velik je javnozdravstveni problem kako u svijetu, tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Druga je najčešća maligna bolest u oba spola te je njena incidencija u stalnom porastu. Etiologija ove bolesti je nepoznata, međutim poznati su faktori rizika koji doprinose razvoju karcinoma. Faktori rizika mogu se podijeliti na nepromjenjive (dob, genetika, upalne crijevne bolesti) i promjenjive (nepravilna prehrana, štetne životne navike, smanjena tjelesna aktivnost i pretilost). Zadatak medicinske sestre u prevenciji karcinoma debelog crijeva je educirati pučanstvo o faktorima rizika, kako bi sukladno tome mogli djelovati na promjenu obrasca ponašanja zajednice. Isto tako važno je educirati i motivirati populaciju da se odazovu na Nacionalni preventivni program ranog otkrivanja karcinoma debelog crijeva. Teško je mijenjati nečije ponašanje i navike, zbog toga je bitna edukacija o zdravim životnim navikama već od rane dobi.
U skladu sa temom prevencije, provedeno je istraživanje s ciljem otkrivanja prisutnosti čimbenika rizika za nastanak karcinoma debelog crijeva kod dobno rizične populacije, s naglaskom na promjenjivim faktorima rizika radi uvida u mogućnost preveniranja slučajeva bolesti. Istraživanje je provedeno pomoću online anonimnog upitnika sa posebno strukturiranim pitanjima. Upitnik je ispunilo ukupno 263 ispitanika, od čega 197 žena i 66 muškaraca.
Podaci istraživanja pokazuju najveće rizično ponašanje u obrascu prehrane zbog povećanog unosa crvenog mesa i nezdravog načina pripreme hrane te manjeg unosa ribe i vlakana. U Republici Hrvatskoj prevladava takozvani zapadnjački tip prehrane koji se temelji na mesu, mastima i šećerima, a uveliko je izražen zbog ubrzanog načina života i posljedičnim manjkom vremena za pripremu zdravije hrane. Uz to dodatno pogoršava situaciju poskupljenje prehrambenih namirnica što je isto uzrok nepravilnog hranjenja. Stoga je iznimno bitna primarna prevencija, jer se stopa incidencije i mortaliteta može uveliko smanjiti ukoliko se modificiraju okolišni čimbenici poput prehrane, štetnih navika te stila života. |
| Abstract (english) | Colon cancer is a major public health issue, globally as well as in Croatia. It is the second most common malignant disease in both sexes, and its incidence is constantly increasing. The etiology of this disease is unknown, however there are known risk factors that contribute to the development of cancer. Risk factors can be divided into immutable (age, genetics, inflammatory bowel diseases) and modifiable (improper diet, harmful lifestyle habits, reduced physical activity and obesity). The nurse's responsibility in the prevention of colon cancer is to educate the public about risk factors, so that they can act accordingly to change the community's behavior pattern. It is also important to educate and motivate the population to respond to the National Preventive Program for early detection of colon cancer. It is difficult to change one's behavior and habits, which is why education about healthy lifestyle habits from an early age is essential.
In accordance with the theme of prevention, research was conducted with the aim of revealing the presence of risk factors for the occurrence of colon cancer in the age-risk population, with an emphasis on variable risk factors in order to gain insight into the possibility of preventing cases of the disease. The research was conducted using an online anonymous questionnaire with specially structured questions. A total of 263 respondents filled out the questionnaire, of which 197 were female and 66 were male.
The research data show the highest risk behavior in the diet pattern due to the increased intake of red meat and unhealthy way of preparing food, as well as the lower intake of fish and fiber. In the Republic of Croatia predominates western type of diet, which is based on meat, fats and sugars, and it is expressed due to the fast-paced lifestyle and the consequent lack of time to prepare healthier food. In addition, the situation is further aggravated by the increase in the price of foodstuffs, which is also the cause of improper feeding. Therefore, primary prevention is extremely important, because the rate of incidence and mortality can be greatly reduced if environmental factors such as diet, harmful habits and lifestyle are modified. |
