| Abstract | Akutna upala crvuljka najčešće je hitno kirurško stanje današnjice, a ponajviše se javlja između 10-te i 30-te godine života, te kod muškog spola. Ova upala prezentira se kao akutni abdomen te zahtjeva kiruršku intervenciju uklanjanja upaljenog crvuljka laparotomijom ili laparoskopijom. Bol koji se javlja u periumbilikalnom području te se nakon nekog vremena spušta u donji desni kvadrant abdomena je prvi znak sumnje na upalu crvuljka. Akutna upala crvuljka dijagnosticira se laboratorijskim i radiološkim pretragama, no pošto ne postoji specifična dijagnostička pretraga za postavljanje dijagnoze, sama sumnja na upalu je indikacija za opservaciju i daljnju obradu bolesnika. Upala crvuljka nosi sa sobom određene komplikacije u obliku perforacije s nastankom apscesa, te difuzni peritonitis. Do komplikacija dolazi ako se na vrijeme ne odstrani upaljeni crvuljak. Akutna upala crvuljka stanje je koje zahtjeva hitnu hospitalizaciju, a prvi kontakt s bolesnikom uspostavlja medicinska sestra/tehničar. Medicinske sestre/tehničari imaju različite aktivne uloge kod skrbi bolesnika koje se razlikuju prije, tijekom i nakon operacijskog zahvata. Dođe li do nedostatka ili ograničene prijeoperacijske pripreme i edukacije bolesnika, dolazi do povećane potrebe za poslijeoperacijskom skrbi.
Cilj istraživanje bio je istražiti koliko je bilo hospitaliziranih bolesnika u Općoj bolnici Varaždin s dijagnozom akutna upala crvuljka u vremenskom periodu od 01. 01. 2020. do 31. 12. 2022. godine, te utvrditi koji su bili najčešći simptomi bolesti, vrstu liječenja, koliko dana je trajala hospitalizacija, te najčešće sestrinske dijagnoze. Zaključci istraživanja su da se akutna upala crvuljka više javlja kod muškog spola, te kod starije životne dobi. Simptom koji se javio kod svih sudionika je bol u abdomenu. Najčešće se intraoperacijski nalazi gangrenozni crvuljak, zatim flegmona crvuljka, pa perforirani crvuljak i peritonitis. Podaci ovog istraživanja govore da je gotovo 80% sudionika nakon operacijskog zahvata bilo hospitalizirano manje od 5 dana. Sestrinske dijagnoze koje se uglavnom opisuju kod sudionika su Akutni bol, zatim Smanjena mogućnost brige o sebi – osobna higijena, te Visok rizik za infekciju. Smanjene potreba za sestrinskom skrbi na kraju hospitalizacije podatak je koji nam govori u uspješnost sestrinske skrbi kod bolesnika s akutnom upalom crvuljka. |
| Abstract (english) | Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency. It occurs mostly between the age of 10 and 30, and in men. This infection manifest itself as an acute abdomen, and it requires a surgical intervention to remove inflamed appendix by laparotomy or laparoscopy. The pain occurs in the periumbilical area, and after some time, it migrates to the lower right abdominal quadrant, it is the first sign of suspicion on appendicitis. Laboratory or radiological tests can diagnose acute appendicitis, but as there is no specific diagnosis procedure, the infection is an indication for observation and further treatment. Along with acute appendicitis, there are some other complications in the forms of perforation and the formation of an abscess. Complications occur only if the appendix is not removed on time. Acute appendicitis is a condition that requires fast hospitalization, and the nursees are the first person to get in touch with the patient. Nurses have different active roles when it comes to taking care of patients before, during, and after surgery. If there is a lack or limited preoperative care and education, it may result in higher postoperative care.
The aim of the research was to investigate how many patients were hospitalized in Varaždin General Hospital with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022.. Also, to find out what were the most common symptoms, types of treatment, how long the patients were in the hospital, and the most common nursing diagnosis. The conclusions of the research are that acute appendicitis is more common in men and in older people. The most common symptom is pain in the abdomen. The most common intraoperative findings are gangrenous appendix, phlegmon, perforation, and peritonitis. The results of this research show that almost 80% of patients were in the hospital less than 5 days after the surgery. The most common nursing diagnoses were Acute pain, Reduced possibility of self-care (personal hygiene), and high risk of infection. Reduced nursing care at the end of the hospitalization after acute appendicits, was an important indicator that shows us that nursing care was successful. |
