Title Liječenje osoba oboljelih od šećerne bolesti Title (english) Treatment of people with diabetes mellitus Author Ivana Flegar Mentor Melita Sajko (mentor)Committee member Melita Sajko (član povjerenstva)Committee member Željka Kanižaj Rogina (predsjednik povjerenstva) Committee member Natalija Uršulin-Trstenjak (član povjerenstva)Granter University North Defense date and country 2023-08-29, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Šećerna bolest je metabolička bolest kod koje dolazi do povećanja glukoze u krvi te se dijeli na dva glavna podtipa: šećernu bolest tipa 1 i šećernu bolest tipa 2. Najvažniji regulator razine glukoze u krvi je inzulin koji se stvara u gušterači odnosno u Langerhansovim otočićima. Gušterača je organ koji se nalazi retroperitonealno. Kod osoba oboljelih od šećerne bolesti inzulina nema ili slabije djeluje te nastaje hiperglikemija. Što se tiče šećerne bolesti tipa 1, to je autoimuni poremećaj kod kojeg dolazi do razaranja β-stanica gušterače. Dok šećernu bolest tipa 2 karakteriziraju inzulinska rezistencija i disfunkcija β-stanica. Glavni simptomi koji se javljaju kod šećerne bolesti su: poliurija, polidipsija i polifagija. Dijagnoza šećerne bolesti se postavlja na temelju slučajnog nalaza povišene glukoze u krvi, mjerenjem glukoze natašte, OGTT-om te razine HbA1c. Šećerna bolest tipa 1 liječi se isključivo primjenom inzulina, a šećerna bolest tipa 2 u početku pravilnom prehranom, redovitom tjelovježbom i samokontrolom. Ako se ne postignu željeni rezultati prelazi se na liječenje lijekovima per os, a u nekim slučajevima primjenjuje se inzulin. Kod šećerne bolesti mogu se javiti komplikacije koje se dijele na akutne i kronične. Akutne komplikacije su: dijabetička ketoacidoza, hiperosmolarno hiperglikemijsko stanje i hipoglikemija, a kronične komplikacije se dijele na mikrovaskularne i makrovaskularne komplikacije. Šećerna bolest se može prevenirati na tri razine, a to su: primarna, sekundarna i tercijarna razina. Primarna prevencija je usmjerena na promjenu životnog stila te se može provoditi samo kod šećerne bolesti tipa 2. Sekundarna prevencija se temelji na probiru osoba koje su u riziku za razvoj šećerne bolesti tipa 2. Što se tiče tercijarne prevencije šećerne bolesti, odnosi se na oboljele osobe tako da se pokušaju spriječiti komplikacije šećerne bolesti. Neke od sestrinskih dijagnoza koje se mogu postaviti kod bolesnika sa šećernom bolesti su: visok rizik za nestabilnu razinu glukoze u krvi, nedostatak znanja o bolesti i tretmanu, visok rizik za infekciju i otežana tjelesna pokretljivost.
Abstract (english) Diabetes is a metabolic disease in which there is an increase in blood glucose and it is divided into two main subtypes: diabetes type 1 and diabetes type 2. The most important regulator of blood glucose levels is insulin, which is produced in the pancreas in the islets of Langerhans. The pancreas is an organ located retroperitoneally. In people with diabetes, there is no insulin or insulin doesn't function as it should and hyperglycemia occurs. As for type 1 diabetes, it is an autoimmune disorder in which the β-cells of the pancreas are destroyed. While type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The main symptoms that occur in diabetes are: polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia. The diagnosis of diabetes is based on the accidental finding of elevated blood glucose, fasting blood glucose test, OGTT and HbA1c level. Type 1 diabetes is treated exclusively with the use of insulin, while type 2 diabetes is initially treated with a proper diet, regular exercise and self-control. If the desired results are not achieved, it is switched to treatment with drugs per os, and in some cases, insulin is used. Complications can occur with diabetes, which are divided into acute and chronic. Acute complications are: diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state and hypoglycemia, and chronic complications are divided into microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetes can be prevented at three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary prevention is focused on lifestyle changes and can only be carried out in the case of type 2 diabetes. Secondary prevention is based on the screening of people who are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. As for tertiary prevention of diabetes, it refers to affected people. so as to try to prevent the complications of diabetes. Some of the nursing diagnoses that can be made in patients with diabetes are: high risk for unstable blood glucose levels, lack of knowledge about the disease and treatment, high risk for infection and impaired physical mobility.
Keywords
šećerna bolest
liječenje
prevencija
sestrinske dijagnoze
Keywords (english)
diabetes
treatment
prevention
nursing diagnoses
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:122:781640 Study programme Title: Nursing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2023-09-25 14:19:43
