Title Zdravstvena njega bolesnika u terminalnom stadiju alkoholne ciroze jetre
Title (english) Health care of patients in the terminal stage of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver
Author Romana Novak
Mentor Melita Sajko (mentor)
Committee member Duško Kardum (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Melita Sajko (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Tina Košanski (član povjerenstva)
Granter University North (University centre Varaždin) (Department of Nursing) Koprivnica
Defense date and country 2023-09-06, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Nursing
Abstract Svakodnevna konzumacija alkohola u našoj sredini smatra se društveno prihvatljivim ponašanjem i većina stanovnika ovog područja ne vidi nikakav problem u tome. Prekomjeran unos alkoholnih pića u organizam povećava rizik od razvoja ovisnosti o alkoholu, ali i rizik od razvoja brojnih kroničnih bolesti. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija alkoholizam je proglasila velikim javnozdravstvenim problemom današnjice koji ima nepovoljan učinak na fizički, psihički i socijalni aspekt života osobe koja konzumira alkohol, ali i njegove okoline. Prekomjerna dugogodišnja konzumacija alkohola izaziva bolest jetre koja se naziva alkoholna ciroza jetre. U početku bolesti osoba nema specifične simptome, već se oni pojavljuju kada dođe do razvoja komplikacija osnovne bolesti. U toj fazi bolesti jedini način za izlječenje jest transplantacija jetre. S obzirom na složenost procedure i veće potražnje za novom jetrom nego što ima mogućnosti, liječenje se svodi na provođenje simptomatskih i suportivnih metoda s ciljem smanjenja komplikacija i očuvanjem kvalitete života. Od iznimne je važnosti provođenje primarne prevencije alkoholizma već kod djece u višim razredima osnovnih škola, koja se smatraju najrizičnijom skupinom. Proces prevencije zadatak je prvostupnika sestrinstva i medicinskih sestara/ tehničara, koji trebaju biti posebno educirani o ovom problemu kako bi na kvalitetan način mogle svoje znanje i utjecaj prenijeti na rizične skupine.
U ovom radu prikazana je anatomija i fiziologija jetre koja je važna za svako razumijevanje bolesti jetre te etiologija i patogeneza alkoholne ciroze jetre. Spomenute su dijagnostičke metode i metode liječenja alkoholne ciroze jetre. Navedene su fizičke promjene u izgledu bolesnika i klinička slika oboljelog od alkoholne ciroze jetre. Detaljno su pojašnjene komplikacije alkoholne ciroze jetre poput ascitesa, krvarenja iz varikoziteta jednjaka, jetrene encefalopatije, hepatocelularnog karcinoma. itd.
U drugom dijelu rada prikazuje se slučaj 52-godišnjeg pacijenta s dijagnozom dekompenzirane alkoholne ciroze jetre koji je tijekom 2022. godine u nekoliko navrata bio hospitaliziran na Odjelu gastroenterologije i opće interne medicine Županijske bolnice Čakovec. Kod pacijenta je došlo do razvoja brojnih komplikacija osnovne bolesti te se svakom hospitalizacijom pratilo progresivno pogoršanje općeg stanja, te je naposljetku došlo i do smrtnog ishoda kod oboljelog. Kroz sestrinske dijagnoze prikazana je zdravstvena njega pacijenta u terminalnoj fazi ove bolesti.
Abstract (english) Daily alcohol consumption in our area is considered socially acceptable behavior and most residents of this area do not see any problem with it. Excessive intake of alcoholic beverages in the body increases the risk of developing alcohol addiction, but also the risk of developing numerous chronic diseases. The World Health Organization declared alcoholism a major public health problem today, which has an unfavorable effect on the physical, psychological and social aspects of the lives of people who consume alcohol, as well as their environment. Excessive long-term alcohol consumption causes a liver disease called alcoholic liver cirrhosis. At the beginning of the disease, a person does not have specific symptoms, but they appear when complications of the underlying disease develop. At that stage of the disease, the only way to cure it is a liver transplant. Considering the complexity of the procedure and the greater demand for a new liver than is available, the treatment is reduced to the implementation of symptomatic and supportive methods with the aim of reducing complications and preserving the quality of life. It is extremely important to carry out the primary prevention of alcoholism among children in the upper grades of primary schools, who are considered the most at-risk group. The process of prevention is the task of bachelor's degrees in nursing and nurses/technicians, who should be specially educated about this problem in order to be able to transfer their knowledge and influence to at-risk groups in a high-quality manner. This paper presents the anatomy and physiology of the liver, which is important for any understanding of liver disease and the etiology and pathogenesis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Diagnostic methods and methods of treatment of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver are mentioned. The physical changes in the patient's appearance and the clinical picture of a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver are listed. Complications of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver such as ascites, bleeding from esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma are explained in detail. etc. The second part of the paper presents the case of a 52-year-old patient with a diagnosis of decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, who was hospitalized on several occasions in 2022 in the Department of Gastroenterology and General Internal Medicine of the Čakovec County Hospital. The patient developed numerous complications of the underlying disease, and each hospitalization was accompanied by a progressive worsening of the general condition, and eventually the patient died. Through nursing diagnoses, the health care of patients in the terminal phase of this disease is shown.
Keywords
alkoholizam
alkoholna ciroza jetre
komplikacije alkoholne ciroze jetre
prevencija
Keywords (english)
alcoholism
alcoholic liver cirrhosis
complications of alcoholic liver cirrhosis
prevention
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:122:397389
Study programme Title: Nursing Study programme type: professional Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: stručni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) sestrinstva (stručni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) sestrinstva)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2023-09-27 11:53:38