The peripartum period refers to the period during pregnancy and six weeks after birth. A normal pregnancy lasts nine months, that is, 37 to 42 weeks. This period is divided into three trimesters, and in each of them, the pregnant woman and the fetus go through numerous physiological changes. Recognizing and resolving any complications during pregnancy as early as possible is an integral part of physiotherapeutic assessment and intervention in the peripartum period. The role of physiotherapy in preparation of childbirth is focused on implementing a controlled and individually tailored exercise program through all three trimesters, taking into account the personal needs and adaptations of each pregnant woman. This paper covers the topics of physiological changes and adaptations of the bodies of pregnant women, including changes in the hormonal, cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and urogenital systems, as well as the overall role of physiotherapists in preparation for childbirth and in the postpartum period. Also covered is the topic of painful conditions in pregnant women, as well as their physiotherapy assessment and possible intervention. Conducting a quality physiotherapy assessment is of critical importance when determining the functional status of a pregnant woman and creating a successful plan and program of physiotherapeutic intervention. When setting up an intervention plan and program, whether in regular or high-risk pregnancies, the physiotherapist must be aware of the course of a regular pregnancy, relative and absolute contraindications and precautions, as well as signs of when they should stop a physiotherapeutic intervention.