| Abstract | Mnogi ljudi tijekom cijelog svog života ne sretnu gluhu osobu, niti s njom stupe u
neki komunikacijski kontakt. O gluhima još uvijek nema definicije koja bi bila opće
prihvaćena i koja bi zadovoljila potrebne kriterije standardne definicije. Gluhi su tijekom
povijesti bili u vrlo nezavidnoj poziciji. Bili su stigmatizirani, progonjeni, omalovažavani,
obespravljeni, diskriminirani. No, od polovine prošlog stoljeća došlo je do velikog,
epohalnog preokreta koji Gluhe smješta u sasvim drukčiju društvenu poziciju. To je
pozicija ravnopravnosti i poštivanja njihovog ljudskog digniteta. Taj je zaokret, zapravo
otvoren proces koji u svijetu još nije završen, a negdje nije ni započeo, no on je u tijeku i s
optimizmom se može očekivati da će odnos prema Gluhima biti u dogledno vrijeme
prihvaćen svuda u svijetu. Individualne razlike među osobama oštećena sluha velike su, te
značajno utječu na modalitete komuniciranja i na odabir rehabilitacijskih i edukacijskih
postupaka. Verbotonalna metoda je dio verbotonalnog sistema akademika Petra
Guberine. Podrazumijeva metodske pristupe i postupke koji se koriste u dijagnostici i
rehabilitaciji slušanja i govora i u terapiji govornih poremećaja, neovisno o etiologiji i
karakteru oštećenja te kronološkoj dobi pacijenta. Od velike pomoći za poboljšanje
slušanja i komunikacije mogu biti tehnički uređaji. Današnja tehnologija je napredovala i
ostvarila veliki pomak u tretmanu zamjetne gluhoće. Stvoren je sustav kohlearnog
implantata, odnosno umjetna pužnica, koji omogućuje zamjedbu zvuka, pa i onih
frekvencija koje uho zbog oštećenja određenih osjetnih stanica ne može čuti. Da bi se
gluha osoba integrirala u društvo i bila radno i socijalno aktivna, potrebno je svakodnevno
ulagati dodatne napore za svladavanje različitih komunikacijskih i drugih barijera, s
obzirom na to da društvo čujućih ima vrlo ograničen senzibilitet i mehanizme kojima bi se
olakšala dostupnost različitih socijalnih i drugih resursa gluhim osobama. Rano otkrivanje
gluhoće, kohlearna implantacija i rehabilitacijski programi organski su povezani. Njihova
pravovremena primjena i programska djelotvornost, uz punu suradnju s roditeljima,
omogućava djeci dostizanje maksimalnog stupnja individualnog slušnog i govornog
razvoja. |
| Abstract (english) | Nowadays there is still no generally accepted definition of the deaf that would meet
the criteria needed for a standardized definition. Throughout history, deaf people have
been in an unenviable position as they were stigmatized, persecuted, deprived of their
rights and generally discriminated. However, in the second half of the last century, there
has been an epoch-making turn which places the deaf into a completely different social
position – a position of equality and respect of their human dignity. This change is actually
an open process which has not been finished in some parts of the world, while in the other
parts it has not even started. Nevertheless, it is an ongoing process and it is to be
expected that, with time, a positive relationship toward deaf people will be acknowledged
throughout the world. There are great individual differences among people with impaired
hearing which significantly influence the modalities of communication as well as the choice
of rehabilitational and educational methods. The verbo-tonal method is part of the verbotonal
system developed by the academic Petar Guberina. It encompasses methodological
approaches and methods which are used in diagnostics and rehabilitation of hearing and
speech and in speech impairments therapy, regardless of aetiology and character of the
impairment or the age of the patient. Technical devices for hearing and communication
improvement can be extremely helpful. Today's technology has progressed and a great
advancement has been made in treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. A system of
cochlear implant has been created, enabling the perception of sound, including those
frequencies which the ear cannot perceive due to the damage of certain sensory cells. A
permanent additional effort needs to be made on a daily basis in order to integrate a deaf
person into the society and make them economically and socially active by helping them
overcome various communicational and other barriers. The society of the hearing has a
very limited sensitivity to the deaf and poor mechanisms to facilitate the availability of
different social and other resources to the hearing-impaired. Early diagnostics, cochlear
implants and rehabilitation programmes are organically intertwined. Their timely
application and efficiency of the programmes, alongside full parental cooperation, enables
children to achieve the maximum of individual, hearing and speech development. |
