Asthma is the most common chronic disease of school age and it can be defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Inflammatory changes in asthmatics are backing dysfunction such as obstruction and limiting the flow of air passages that changes after treatment or spontaneously. Asthma in children is a result of two processes which are characterized by the development of systemic tendency for IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to allergens, and thus for the development of local preferences inflammation in the airways. It is believed that smoking during pregnancy big risk factor for decreased lung function, and therefore increases the tendency of the child to a respiratory infection. The clinical pictures of asthma is characterized by a sense of lack of air and "wheezing". When an infant is important to refuse food and have a bad dream. A physical examination can be seen hard and fast breathing and the use of auxiliary respiratory muscles. The diagnosis of asthma has an important role family history, living conditions and socio-economic opportunities. For the diagnosis of asthma in children are the most important functional tests and physical examination. The course of the disease is unpredictable, and the drugs are still not providing a definite cure. Age of the child is essential to the clinical picture and course of respiratory diseases. Respiratory tract infections in adult child can have only discrete clinical signs or complete without them, while the infant and young child infections each has a particular clinical picture. One of the most severe forms of asthma is asthma attack that is resistant to the usual symptomatic therapy. More and more attention is paid to prevention measures and chronic diseases. Nursing care is an important factor in the management of patients suffering from asthma. Nurses educate patients and family members about the disease, pending its further development as well as the factors that favor the development of asthma.