| Abstract | U ekspozicijski incident spada ubod, porezotina, ogrebotina različitim vrstama igala,
kiruškim instrumentima, laboratorijskim priborom, ugriz, kontaminacija oštećene koţe i
sluznice krvlju i drugim tjelesnim tekućinama. Ubodni incident predstavlja svaku ozljedu koja
je nastala ubodom oštrog predmeta, a moţe izazvati zarazu sa kontaminiranog predmeta kojim
se dogodio ubod. Ozljede oštrim predmetima kod zdravstvenih radnika prisutni su u svim
aspektima pruţanja zdravstvene skrbi našim korisnicima, a time se povećava rizik od nastanka
ozbiljnih infekcija. Na taj način mogu se prenijeti razni patogeni mikroorganizmi koji mogu
ugroziti zdravlje zdravstvenih radnika, a ujedno i osoba o kojima se skrbimo. Svaki
zdravstveni radnik morao bi biti svjestan rizika kojem je izloţen pri dodiru s krvi i drugim
tjelesnim tekućinama. Osvještenost zdravstvenih radnika o mogućnosti kontakta sa zaraţenom
krvlju i drugim tjelesnim tekućinama, ukazuje na manju vjerojatnost nastanka ubodnog
incidenta. I kada su poduzete sve mjere koje sprječavaju nastanak ubodnog incidenta, do
njega ipak dolazi. Provedeno je istraţivanje u srpnju, 2015. godine na uzorku od 70
zdravstvenih radnika zaposlenih u Klinici za psihijatriju Vrapče s ciljem da se ispita u kojoj
su mjeri zdravstveni radnici upoznati s protokolom o prijavi ubodnog incidenta, o najčešćim
načinima koji dovode do ubodnog incidenta, te u kojoj je mjeri potrebno educirati
zdravstveno osoblje o pravilnim postupcima u radu kako bi se edukacijom smanjio rizik od
ubodnog incidenta i mogućnosti prijenosa zaraze. Analiza rezultatata istraţivanja ukazuje da
je ubodnom incidentu izloţeno 63% zdravstvenih radnika tijekom radnog staţa, a samo 64%
ispitanika prijavi ubodni incident. Najveći postotak (30%) ubodnog incidenta dogaĎa se kod
zdravstvenih radnika koji imaju 21 - 30 godina radnog staţa. Do ubodnog incidenta najčešće
dolazi manipulacijom s iglom ( davanje injekcija, vaĎenje krvi, odlaganja igle u infektivni
otpad, vraćanje kapice), najčešće su ozlijedi izloţeni prsti, dok se najviše ozljeda dogaĎa u
jutarnjoj smjeni, što se moţe povezati s činjenicom da je i najveći opseg posla u jutarnjoj
smjeni.
U svrhu zaštite od profesionalne infekcije koja se prenosi putem krvi nuţno je potrebno
provoditi standardne mjere zaštite u kontaktu s pacijentom, prilikom zbrinjavanja
kontaminiranog materijala i sterilizacije pribora. Potrebno je povećati svjesnost i odgovornost
zdravstvenih radnika o nuţnosti prijave ubodnog incidenta bolničkom povjerenstvu i HZZO –
u koji će ubodni incident verificirati kao povredu na radu. |
| Abstract (english) | The exposure incident includes stabbing, cut, cuts with diferent kinds of needle, surgery
instruments, lab accessories, bites, contamination of demaged skin, mucosa with blood and
other bodily fluids. The stabbing incident includes every injury caused by a sharp object
which can cause infection from the contaminated object used for stabbing. Sharp object
injuries for medical personnel are possible in all aspects of medical care, thereby the risk of
serious infection is growing. Also, stabbing incidents are a way for transfering many pathogen
microorganisms which can jeopardize health of the medical personnel, and patients as well.
Each medical worker should be aware of the risk of exposure to blood and other bodily fluids.
Awarness of medical personnel about contact with infected blood and other bodily fluids can
reduce the possibility for that kind of incidents. Even when all the measures are taken,
exposure incidents still happen.
In July 2015 there was a research on a sample of 70 health workers at the University
Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče in order to examine the extent to which health workers are
familiar with the protocol of reporting the exposure incident, about the most common ways
that lead to exposure incident and the extent to which it is necessary to educate health care
professionals about the proper procedures at work in order to reduce the risk of exposure
incidents and the possibility of transmission of infection. Analysis of the search resultshas
shown that 63% of health care workers get exposure incident during the working years, and
only 64% of respondents report exposure incidents. The largest percentage (30%) of the
exposure incident occurs to health care workers who have 21-30 years of service. The most
common way of exposure incidents happenby a needle manipulation (injections, blood
sampling, disposal of needles into infectious waste, restoring of the caps), fingers are the most
exposed to injury, while most injuries happen in the morning shift, which can be connected
with the fact that the largest work volume is happening in the morning shift. In order to
prevent occupational infection that is spread through the blood it is necessary to implement
standard measures of protection in the patient contact, in the process ofthe disposal of
contaminated materials and equipment sterilization. It is necessary to increase the awareness
and responsibility of health professionals of the necessity of reporting the exposure incident to
the hospital committee and Health Insurance –who will verifyexposure incident as an
occupational injury. |
