Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a complicated collection of viruses that cause a variety of epithelial lesions and malignancies, including cervical cancer. According to epidemiological study, HPV is the most frequent externally transmitted illness in the world, with persons who spend time outside being most vulnerable to infection. Several risk factors, including sexual practices, smoking, and immunological state, contribute to the development of HPV infection. The illness spreads predominantly through sexual contact, although there are additional, less established modes of transmission. The clinical picture of the infection might range from asymptomatic to the appearance of genital warts or precancerous lesions. HPV infection is diagnosed using a variety of diagnostic procedures, including Pap and HPV tests. Most HPV infections resolve on their own, thus treatment is modest; however, certain individuals may require intervention to avoid progression to cancer. The significance of HPV infection in cervical cancer has been extensively recognized. High-risk HPV strains, particularly HPV 16 and 18, have been identified as the leading causes of this kind of cancer. The prevention and early identification of cervical cancer are critical in the battle against this illness. The HPV vaccination has been shown to be an effective cancer prevention method, guarding against particular types of HPV. The PAPA test is an important diagnostic method that enables for the early detection of precancerous cervix changes. The link between HPV and numerous cancers, including cervical cancer in the mother, emphasizes the need of recognizing and monitoring this infection in the prevention of malignant tumors. National cervical cancer preventive initiatives provide a substantial contribution to the prevention of cervical cancer. Nurses play a vital role in population preventive education, advocating vaccination as the most effective means of prevention, and encouraging routine check-ups.