INTRODUCTION: Lung and bronchial cancers are among the leading causes of death worldwide. The main cause of smoking (in about 90% of cases) is cigarette smoking. By reducing the prevalence of smoking, the incidence of lung and bronchial cancer can also be reduced. METHODS: Data on the demographic characteristics of the subjects, presence of risk factors for bronchial and lung cancer, medical diagnosis and method of operative treatment were collected from the hospital information system of the Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb. The respondents are the first 100 patients with bronchial and lung cancer, treated operatively in the year 2023 at the Clinic for Anesthesiology, Reanimation, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy of the Zagreb Clinical Hospital Center. RESULTS: Out of 100 patients with bronchus and lung cancer, 83% actively smoked or abstained from smoking, which proved the hypothesis: "Among patients operated on for bronchus and lung cancer, there are significantly more people who smoke or have smoked in the past." It is equally both women and men. The average age of the respondents was 66.68 years. Most of the respondents had completed high school, were retired and lived in the city. The most significant risk factor for lung cancer was current or former cigarette smoking. The average number of cigarettes smoked per day was 27,81. The average number of years of smoking experience was 40,43. Adenocarcinoma was present in most subjects (75%). No significant differences were observed with regard to the type of surgical procedure performed. Men abstained from smoking significantly more often compared to women, while women significantly more often did not smoke compared to men. Respondents aged 65 and under smoked significantly more often compared to respondents aged 66 and over. CONCLUSION: A significant association of active and passive tobacco smoking with lung and bronchial cancer was observed. It is necessary to implement preventive interventions aimed at smoking cessation among nurses and technicians and to educate them so that they become effective implementers of smoking prevention among patients, which can contribute to the reduction of incidence, prevalence and mortality from lung cancer.