| Abstract | Danas postoje razne spolno prenosive bolesti kao što su sifilis, gonoreja, HIV i AIDS, a među svim tim spolnim bolestima su i virusi hepatitisa koji se također mogu prenositi spolnim kontaktom. U ovom završnom radu naglasak je na virusima hepatitisa A, B, C i D. Naime, njihova numeracija je od A do E, a negdje se spominje čak i do G, ali na našim prostorima čak ni virus hepatitis D nije toliko rasprostranjen. Svi virusi hepatitisa jednako su važni stoga valja obratiti pozornost na svaki od njih te ih, ukoliko dođe do zaraze, na vrijeme prevenirati i liječiti. Virus hepatitisa najviše pogađa organ jetru te vrlo lako dovodi do ciroze jetre kod kroničnih virusa, a zbog toga je moguća i transplantacija jetre. Infekcija virusom hepatitisa A ne uzrokuje kroničnu upalu dok virusi hepatitisa B i C uzrokuju. Svi tipovi hepatitisa pogađaju različite prostore, a isto tako ne biraju spol niti dob zaraženih. S obzirom na to zaraziti se mogu i odrasle osobe, ali i novorođenčad preko zaražene majke.
Virus hepatitis A još se naziva i „bolest prljavih ruku“. Naime, najviše je raširen u slabije razvijenim zemljama gdje je higijena vrlo slaba. Virus ovog hepatitisa dovodi bolesnika i do zarazne žutice no u većini slučajeva bolničko liječenje nije potrebno nego samo dobra prehrana i odmor.
Virusi hepatitisa B i C uzrokuju akutnu i kroničnu upalu. Velik su javnozdravstveni problem i rašireni su po cijelome svijetu. Međutim, u usporedbi s hepatitisom A imaju jače simptome i teži oblik bolesti stoga je važno otkriti virus na vrijeme kako bi se pacijent počeo što prije liječiti kako ne bi dalje prenosio zarazu. Također, treba istaknuti i važnost prevencije zato što zaražene osobe predstavljaju stalni izvor zaraze.
Provođenje preventivnih mjera se dijeli na tri oblika, a to su primarna, sekundarna i tercijarna prevencija. Provode ih zdravstveni djelatnici - medicinske sestre i tehničari. Kod virusa hepatitisa koriste se razne preventivne mjere te se dosta ulaže u materijalna sredstva. Isto koliko je važna prevencija toliko je važna i edukacija medicinske sestre/tehničara, liječnika i pomoćnog osoblja koje skrbi o zaraženima virusom hepatitisa. |
| Abstract (english) | There are various sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, HIV and AIDS, and among all these sexually transmitted diseases are hepatitis viruses which can also be transmitted through sexual contact. In this final paper, the focus is on the hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses. Namely, their numbering is from A to E, and somewhere even G is mentioned, but even the hepatitis D virus is not that widespread in our area. All hepatitis viruses are equally important, therefore it is necessary to pay attention to each of them and, if an infection occurs, prevent and treat them in time. The hepatitis virus mostly affects the liver organ and it very easily leads to cirrhosis of the liver in case of chronic viruses. Because of this, a liver transplant is also possible. Hepatitis A virus infection does not cause chronic inflammation, while hepatitis B and C viruses do. All types of hepatitis affect different areas, and they also do not choose gender or age of the infected. Taken that in consideration, both adults and newborns can become infected. Children become infected through an infected mother.
Hepatitis A virus is also called "dirty hands disease". Namely, it is most widespread in less developed countries where hygiene is very poor. The virus of this hepatitis leads the patient to infectious jaundice but in most cases hospital treatment is not necessary, only good nutrition and rest.
Hepatitis B and C viruses cause acute and chronic inflammation. They are a major public health problem and are widespread throughout the world. However, compared to hepatitis A, they have stronger symptoms and a more severe form of the disease. It is very important to detect the virus in time so that the patient can start the treatment as soon as possible to prevent further transmission of the infection. Moreover, the importance of prevention should be highlighted because infected people are a constant source of infection.
The implementation of preventive measures is divided into three forms of prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. They are conducted by healthcare professionals such as medical nurses and technicians. Various preventive measures are used and a lot of money is invested in material resources when it comes to hepatitis viruses. The education of nurses/technicians, doctors and support staff who care for those infected with the hepatitis virus is just as important as the prevention is. |
