| Abstract | Romi su etnička zajednica, u Republici Hrvatskoj, deklarirana kao nacionalna manjina, koja se u mnogome razlikuje od većinskog stanovništva prostora u kojem žive. Stupanj obrazovanja romske populacije je izuzetno nizak, što se povezuje i s niskim sudjelovanjem romske populacije u općem građanskom angažmanu. Rome uz nisku razinu obrazovanja obilježava život u Romskim zajednicama uz nedostupnost komunalija, nisku razinu osobne higijene, nisku brigu za sebe i zdravlje, delikventno ponašanje, visoku razina konzumacije alkohola i cigareta, kao i droga. Žensku romsku populaciju prati visoka rodnost, a romske obitelji velika količina djece. Od velike važnosti za sagledanje realnog stanja u romskoj zajednici ima i sagledavanje problematike, kao što su nasilje u obitelji, delinkventno ponašanje, te poremećaji u ponašanju.
Stereotipi su za romsku populaciju prisutni od pamtivijeka, a u današnje vrijeme su još i prisutniji. Neki stereotipi su utemeljeni na dokazima i ponašanju Roma, a neki se prenose unutar obitelji. Mladi, visokoobrazovani Romi teže integraciji i suzbijanju stereotipa, no zbog velike većine „starih“ Roma i tradicionalnog načina života i razmišljanja, to je često nemoguće. Zdravlje romske populacije, izuzetno ranjive skupine, često je potisnuto, i stavljeno u drugi plan zbog stereotipa da su Romi izdržljivija skupina i da rijetko obolijevaju.
Opće zdravstveno stanje romske populacije znatno je lošije od opće populacije. Bolesni Romi nailaze na nove probleme, a to je nabava skupih lijekova, plaćanje bolničke naknade, posebice za one koji ne plaćaju zdravstveno osiguranje. Romi iz tih razloga uglavnom traže liječničku pomoć kasno i odbijaju liječenje.
Što je razina obrazovanja i integracija viša, to Romske obitelji imaju manje djece, boljeg su zdravstvenog stanja, više brinu za sebe, svoje zdravlje i zdravlje obitelji.
Cilj ovog rada je prikazati zdravlje Roma s obzirom na uvjete u kojima žive i razinu obrazovanja koju posjeduju. U radu je provedeno anonimno prikupljanje podataka osobnim anketnim upitnikom,a rezultati su statistički obrađeni. Statističkom obradom potvrđene su hipoteze kojima se dokazuje da postoji povezanost između učestalosti posjeta obiteljskom liječniku i općeg zdravstvenog stanja, osobe s višim stupnjem obrazovanja imaju pozitivniji stav prema zdravstvu u odnosu na osobe s nižim stupnjem obrazovanja i stupanj obrazovanja utječe na količinu djece u romskoj obitelji. Sagledavanjem stvarnih problema i stvarnog stanja u romskoj zajednici može se uz multidisciplinarni tim pristupiti ka rješavanju istih. |
| Abstract (english) | Roma are an ethnic community in the Republic of Croatia, declared as a national minority, which significantly differs from the majority population of the area where they live. The level of education among the Roma population is extremely low, which is related to the low participation of the Roma population in general civic engagement. Rome, with a low level of education, marks life in their community with the inaccessibility of utilities, a low level of personal hygiene, a lack of self-care and health awareness, delinquent behavior, and high levels of consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, as well as drugs. The female Roma population is characterized by high fertility, and Roma families a large number of children.
To understand the real situation in the Roma community, it is of great importance to consider problems such as domestic violence, delinquent behavior and behavioral disorders. Stereotypes about the Roma population have always existed, but in today's time, they are even more present. Some stereotypes are based on evidence and the behavior of Roma, while others are passed down within families. Young, highly educated Roma strive for integration and fight against stereotypes, but due to the large majority of "old" Roma and their traditional way of life and thinking, this is often impossible.
The health of the Roma population, an extremely vulnerable group, is often marginalized and placed in the background due to the stereotype that Roma are a more resilient group and rarely fall ill. The overall health status of the Roma population is significantly worse than that of the general population. Sick Roma are facing new problems, such as the procurement of expensive medications, payment of hospital fees, especially for those who do not pay health insurance. For these reasons, Roma generally seek medical assistance late and refuse treatment.
The higher the level of education and integration, the fewer children Romani families have, the better their health status, and the more they care for themselves, their health, and the health of their families.The aim of this work is to present the health of the Roma in relation to the conditions in which they live and the level of education they possess. The study involved anonymous data collection using a personal survey questionnaire, and the results were statistically processed. Statistical analysis confirmed the hypotheses that demonstrate a connection between the frequency of visits to the family doctor and overall health status. People with a higher level of education have a more positive attitude towards healthcare compared to those with a lower level of education, and the level of education affects the number of children in a Romani family. By looking at the real problems and the real situation in the Roma community, a multidisciplinary team can be used to solve them. |
