Lung cancer comprises a group of different tumors that come from a variety of tissues that are found in the lungs. Most often arises from epithelial cells of primary and segmental bronchs, less frequently from small, peripheral bronchs. It is a malignant epithelial tumor that grows slowly and insidiously, often without symptoms, spreads rapidly to other organs, and the results of treatment are modest. Cigarette smoking is stated as a major risk factor in causing lung cancer, but aeropolucion in urban environments, exposure to asbestos, ionizing radiation, nickel, chromium and arsenic, as well as passive smoking contributes to the development of these diseases. WHO (World Health Organization) has classified the lung cancer according to histological into four groups: squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Clinical manifestations of lung cancer depend on the location and size of the primary tumor, its propagation to neighboring structures in the thorax, emergence of regional and distant metastases, tumor type, the immunity of the organism, prior and current diseases, occupational exposure to etiologic factors, life habits (smoking), gender, age and complications of the tumor. In the treatment of lung cancer the most important is the timely diagnosis and use of many invasive and non-invasive methods. These methods include history taking, physical examination, laboratory processing, determination of tumor markers, sputum citology, bronchoscopy and analysis cytopathic samples. To estimate the prevalence of disease is used X-ray of the heart and lung, CT of the thorax, abdomen and brain, ultrasound of the abdomen, bone scintigraphy, X-ray skeleton at present symptoms, pleural effusion FNA biopsy increased lymph nodes, MR, PET-CT, mediastinoscopy and puncture bone marrow. Based health care of patients with lung cancer is early detection, posting timely diagnosis, treatment and adequate medical care, psychological support and rehabilitation.