Anomalies and diseases of the heart have severe consequences because of the big importance of the heart in the human body physiology. Some of the heart problems present themselfs at birth, while others are discovered later in life. Congenital, mostly structural heart diseases have the higest incidence and occur in approximately 0,6-1% of all newborn babies. They are a big challenge for obstetritians, neonatologists and other healthcare professionals involved in treating such patients. Structural heart diseases are the most frequent and the most severe anomalies of an organic system in human body. They are considered as the most common cause of death in perinatal and early neonatal period of life. Among congenital diseases the heart anomalies are the most frequently carried from the childhood in adult life and became chronic diseases. Congenital heart disease (CHD) develops in prenatal period when the heart and/or great arteries and/or veins don´t develope normaly. Heart disease presents itself in the newborns mostly as cyanosis and dyspnea. These symptoms are seen frequently in other conditions like respiratory diseases, so the promt diagnose is very important. Early diagnostic of the heart problems in newborn decreases morbidity and mortality. Almost four fifths (77%) of all kids born with the congenital heart disease survive the childhood period. They are mostly in good condition and don´t need medications but some of them need continous medical specialist´s surveillance, treatment and care. In the development of CHD enviromental factors (bacteria, viruses, drugs, alcochol and diseases of the mother....) play imprtant role, primarily in the first trimester of pregnancy. CHD influence a quality of life of an child and it´s family and they need support and understanding from healthcare professionals. Improvements in treating the congenital heart diseses give us an opportunity to performe surgical intervention early in neonatal period and good nursing care and biger efforts of all healthcare professionals are required. The children are the very complex and delicate part of the human population, so the specific healthcare procedures are necessary. Nursing care for the child with congenital heart disease is very complex and demanding for whole healthcare team. Quality of nursing care is one of the key elements in recovery of the children with heart diseases and growth and development of each child, therefore nurses and medical tehnicians have big and important role in preoperative and postoperative treatment and care. Nurses should have more professional knowledge and experience in the care for patients with congenital heart diseses, because only the knowledge provides good healthcare for the sick child.