Vaginitis can be defined as a spectrum of conditions that cause vaginal and vulvar symptoms, such as itching, burning, irritation, and vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odour. Vaginal infections are the most common cause of vaginitis, and medical history and examination represent an important source of data for making a thorough diagnosis. The three most common causes of infection are: Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis. Making a definitive diagnosis necessitates the use of laboratory tests, such as determining vaginal pH, as well as vaginal and cervical culture. Vaginal infections can be transmitted through sexual contact, but also indirectly when it comes to trichomoniasis. Effective therapy may be prescribed after diagnosis. If these three vulvovaginal infections are not treated in time, they can cause various complications, and one of them is premature birth, in case the infection occurred during pregnancy. In addition to infectious vaginitis, atrophic vaginitis may occur in postmenopausal women. Atrophic vaginitis represents a change in the vagina that occurs when the level of the female hormone oestrogen is significantly reduced. When oestrogen levels are low, vaginal tissue becomes atrophic – thin, dry and swollen. A survey conducted for the purposes of this thesis, in which there were 943 respondents, unveiled a satisfactory level of knowledge of the female population regarding the problem of vaginitis. Adequate information about vaginitis (i.e., education) is pivotal in the prevention of this syndrome, the recognition of symptoms and proper treatment.