Chlamydia trachomatis infections are the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) recognized throughout the world. Worldwide, the magnitude of morbidity associated with sexually transmitted chlamydial infections is enormous. C.trachomatis is a common cause of urethritis and cervicitis, and sequelae include pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, tubal factor infertility, epididymitis, proctitis and reactive arthritis. The sharp worldwide increase in the incidence of PID during the past two decades has led to the secondary epidemics of tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydial PID is the most important preventable cause of infertility and adverse pregnancy outcome. Chlamydial infections, like STI in general, are primarily a woman's health care issue since the manifestations and consequences are more damaging to the reproductive health in women than in men. For the purpose of this paper, basic, epidemiologic, clinical, therapeutic, and public health issue of these infections were reviewed and discussed, focusing on their impact on human reproductive health. A survey was conducted on sexually transmitted bacterial infections via an online questionnaire using Google Forms in the period from May 5 to July 5, 2022. The aim of the research was to examine the population's level of knowledge about infection C.trachomatis. A total of 732 participants participated in the survey. The survey questionnaire consisted of a total of 16 questions, where the first three questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, and the rest to knowledge examination. The research was anonymous and voluntary. The study involved 580 women and 52 men, most participants were aged 18 to 30, and most of them had a university degree. The obtained results show that the participants were very informed about infection C.trachomatis protection measures, and are therefore very satisfactory, but as many as 41% of participants did not use protection during sexual intercourse, therefore even more effort should be invested into educating the population, especially young people, to further understand the importance of adhering to disease protection and prevention measures. Nevertheless, regardless of the results, protective measures should still be implemented, we should preserve our reproductive health already at a young age, and go for preventive examinations in order to detect any infection in time.