The urinary system eliminates waste from the human organism and its central and most important part is the kidneys. Kidneys sometimes temporarily or permanently lose their ability to remove toxic substances and extra water from the body, which is called kidney failure. Kidney failure can be acute when suddenly the function of the kidney is lost, or chronic kidney failure when the kidney function is weakening gradually. When kidney failure occurs the organism builds up water and nitrogen bond products that cannot be extracted from the body. Chronic kidney disease is classified into five stages in which the function of the kidneys is more or less preserved, and with patients that are in the fifth stage, which signifies almost total loss of kidney function, it is necessary to start with the replacement therapy. The kidney function can successfully be replaced with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplant. A peritoneal dialysis is a form of dialysis where the blood is constantly filtered inside the patient's body through a peritoneal membrane in the abdominal cavity, with the help of a fluid used for dialysis, and which is placed inside the abdominal cavity with a peritoneal catheter. Today we differentiate between two main forms of peritoneal dialysis; continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and automated peritoneal dialysis, and each of them has advantages and disadvantages, depending on the personal characteristics of a patient and their needs. When it is defined that there will be a need for dialysis in a patient it is necessary to refer the patient to a nephrologist consult at least six months before the need for dialysis appears, because the patient is actively involved in conducting the peritoneal dialysis and he needs to be qualitatively educated and constantly motivated. A nurse is in charge of preparing the patients for performing peritoneal dialysis by themselves and educating them on each segment of the replacement therapy. This paper aims to showcase the problems of patients on peritoneal dialysis and to draw attention to the role and the importance of a nurse in the process of taking care of the patients and bettering the quality of life in these patients. In this paper, a special emphasis is put on conducting a pre-dialysis education, which has the goal to acquaint the patient with the disease, the course and outcomes of the disease and methods used for kidney failure replacement therapy. Pre-dialysis education needs to give the patient the knowledge, will and strength to include himself as much as possible in the process and the course of treatment and the nurse has a crucial role in the efficacy of the education. For peritoneal dialysis to succeed it is necessary to provide the patient with holistic care that includes a team of nephrologists and nurses, and if necessary other health specialists.