Abuse and addiction to psychoactive substances is an important public health problem. Taking psychoactive substances associated with various states of the body which primarily depends which group psychoactive substance belongs. Taking substances that have a stimulating effect on the nervous system is associated with euphoria, a sense of increased energy, alertness and endurance, substances that reduce the activity of the CNS and have a calming and relaxing effect, then there are substances that have a hallucinating effect which is characteristic to cause a distorted picture of reality . Underlying these phenomena is important to increase the concentration of dopamine reward system, however pharmacology of psychoactive substances is complex and includes the effect of other neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Longer-term use of psychoactive substances causes morphological and physiological changes in the brain, which are associated with cognitive deficits in the dependent person. Treating addiction to psychoactive substances is based on a combination of behavioral interventions and symptomatic pharmacotherapy. Addiction prevention programs are the best strategy to combat the abuse of psychoactive substances. The nurse-technician in the treatment of addiction to narcotic drugs has an important role as carried out 24 hours a day with the patient. At the level of prevention it their educational skills, interventions and advice to greater community awareness about the harmful consequences of abuse of psychoactive substances, and thus significantly contribute to better results of prevention programs. It is therefore extremely important to be highly educated and professional in order to provide the best medical care to patients dependent on psychoactive substances and their families.