Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs, and is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease itself spreads through droplets, that is, when infected people cough, rain or spit. It is estimated that approximately a quarter of the world's population is infected with the tuberculosis bacterium. Early recognition of tuberculosis and rapid detection of drug resistance are key to halting its global burden. Culture, direct microscopy, biomolecular assays, and whole-genome sequencing are approved methods of diagnosis; however, their widespread use is often limited by cost, local resources, time constraints, and operator efficiency. The diagnosis of tuberculosis is established by history, physical examination, chest X-ray and laboratory tests. While the final diagnosis of tuberculosis depends on a positive result of a culture test or nucleic acid amplification for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a curable disease, and the treatment itself depends on the sensitivity pattern of the detected isolate. The disease itself is treated with standardized drugs that usually include 4 antibiotics. The goal of shorter treatment regimens is to increase patient adherence and prevent relapse or the development of further drug resistance. In some cases, TB bacteria do not respond to standard drugs, in which case the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis is longer and more complex. Screening for tuberculosis infection, particularly in a vulnerable population, provides an opportunity to intervene before progression to infectious tuberculosis. In some countries, the Bacille Calmette- Guérin (BCG) vaccine is given to babies or young children to prevent tuberculosis, but the vaccine isolates TB outside the lungs, but not in the lungs. Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of human suffering and death despite decades of availability of effective treatment. Highly educated nurses play a key role in TB prevention, diagnosis, treatment initiation, treatment monitoring, and evaluation and documentation of TB treatment outcomes.