The lungs and bronchial arteries are a major public health problem. Lung cancer is one of most common carcinomas in the world as well as in Croatia. It is most common in people over the age of 60 years, more often in men than in women, most often smokers. Smoking cigarettes is referred to as the main risk factor for the development of lung cancer, as well as aeropulism in urban environments, exposure to asbestos, ionizing radiation, nickel, chromium and arsenic, and passive smoking contribute the development of that disease. It's important to set the diagnosis early and start treatment early. Early detection is not successful because the symptoms often occur only with advanced disease. Treatment encompasses the evaluation of the operability and choice of surgery, chemotherapy and / or radiation, depending on type and tumor stage. Many non-tumor factors affect the choice of therapy. There is more chemotherapy regimens for lung cancer, although there is no evidence that one is better than others. Choice therapy often depends on local practice, contraindications and toxicity. Nurses inside the oncological team must also possess the knowledge of the cytostatics itself, their application, and the complications, and the most common side effects in order to achieve optimal treatment effect. In this paper the task was to present the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, describe the etiology and pathogenesis of lung cancer, show the distribution of lung cancer, describe treatment methods a patient with lung cancer, describe types of chemotherapy, and describe a patient's health care which is treated with chemotherapy.