Hemophilia is a rare disease of demanding diagnosis and complex treatment. One case of haemophilia occurs in 10,000 male newborns. Hemophilia treatment is complex. It depends on the severity of the disease, the type of haemophilia, the education of the patient and the family, the socioeconomic status of the state and the other. Diagnosis of haemophilia is very complex, based on accepted scientific knowledge of hemophilia diagnosis in the world and in our country. Treatment can be more or less successful, and success depends on drug availability, medical service organization by type of hemophilia centers, and active involvement in the treatment of patients, their families and the community in which they live.In the introductory section, we will find out what is hemophilia, and other congenital blood clotting disorders that belong to rare diseases, care and injury prevention as well as care organization and the management of complications.The most common is haemophilia A or classic haemophilia, lacking or decreasing factor VIII activity (FVIII). The second most common is hemophilia B, characterized by deficiency or decreased activity of factor IX (FIX). Other types of haemophilia are very rare. Hemophilia B is still termed Christmas's disease by the first child's name, which was diagnosed, Stephen Christmas. Hemophilia is also known as "royal disease". In the 19th century Queen Victoria was the first spontaneous carrier of the hemophilia B gene and then it transferred to Spain, Germany and the Russian Emperor's family.Based on the conducted research of the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH), it has been established that some 400,000 people worldwide suffer from haemophilia. Hemophilia A is more commonly found than hemophilia B by 80-85% in the total population of haemophilia patients.The hemophilia treatment principles in the world are uniform, but there is still a difference in drug dosage and it also depends on the availability of the drug.Men suffer from haemophilia while women are carriers of the disease. Patients in most cases have a positive family history. One third of the patients are new mutations. The aim of this paper is to show and describe how people with hemophilia face a number of health and social problems resulting from the underlying disease. A special problem is children because of the specificity and dynamics of everyday life. Very few physicians and other health professionals have the opportunity to acquire the personal experience needed to treat these patients. Therefore, comprehensive patient care needs to be well organized because proper hemophilia healing by general indicators is expensive.Inadequate treatment is harmful to the patient and is more expensive, not only for the patient and his family, but for the society as a whole.