In the past, infertility in humans have had a far lesser impact on personal life, as they were in a stage of almost unconscious instinctive propagation. Today, offspring represents a major part of our emotional goals, while their absence is perceived as a defeat and failure that significantly affects the quality and quantity of couples, as well as the whole future of mankind. Even from the earliest historical records we possess, i.e. long before the use of the money, the only weight and value were human word and bloodline. The value of bringing up your own children in comparison to adopting may also be overestimated. But still, life as such in all likelihood had no idea of meaning. The development of the first live cell was cumbersome, and precisely because of such difficult conditions it still struggles to survive even today. Infertility is a serious medical and social problem globally. In this thesis I will try to focus my attention on the connection between infection and fertility changes. A myriad of microorganisms may utilize their virulence factors to damage tissues of the reproductive tract, which subsequently hampers fertilization and embrio preservation. There are as many ways to deal with infertility problems as there are couples faced with this problem. When infections are concerned, first there is a need for adequate microbiological analysis to establish a diagnosis, followed by the appropriate treatment. The end-goal of all these steps is to create all the necessary prerequisites for successful pregnancy.